均匀滑移模型在海啸预警中的应用——以2021年M w 8.2 Alaska地震为例
Application of Uniform Slip Models to Tsunami Early Warning: A Case Study of 2021 M w 8.2 Alaska Peninsula Earthquake
为了保证海啸预警的时效性,复杂的地震震源经常被简化为均匀滑移模型来预测海啸波. 虽然均匀滑移模型已经被广泛使用,但其在实际事件中预测海啸波的准确性并未得到全面的评估和认可.对2021年M w 8.2 Alaska地震构建了有限断层模型(finite-fault model)和多种均匀滑移模型,并对海啸波的预测误差进行对比分析.有限断层模型显示,2021年Alaska地震的同震滑移分布在15~40 km的深度范围内,震源周围的最大滑移约为6 m. 另外,通过全局搜索得到的最优均匀滑移模型对海啸波的预测与有限断层模型非常接近,都与观测波形符合良好;两种位于gCMT中心、但采用不同标度关系(scalingrelation)的均匀滑移模型给出了几乎一致的远场波形.对此次地震海啸的研究结果表明,均匀滑移模型对海啸波的最佳预测能力与有限断层模型相当,根据gCMT中心和标度关系构造的均匀滑移模型对远场海啸预警比较可靠,且不同标度关系对远场波形预测无显著影响.
海啸预警 / 均匀滑移模型 / 海啸反演 / 2021年Alaska地震 / 天然地震
tsunami warning / uniform slip model / tsunami inversion / 2021 Alaska Peninsula earthquake / earthquake
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国家自然科学基金项目(T2122012;U1901602)
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