黄河形成于何时?
When was the Yellow River Formed?
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河流是塑造地表地貌的重要地质营力之一.认识大河的发育历史有助于提高人类对大河利用的效率和生态保护,从而更好地促进人类社会的发展.黄河是中华民族的母亲河,百余年来国内外研究者对其开展了广泛的研究,但对黄河何时形成及其具体的演化过程等问题至今都没有清晰的答案.鉴于此,本文在前期已经取得的研究结果基础上,广泛搜集和整理国内外研究者已发表的资料,重建黄河在新生代的演化过程,结果表明:青藏高原东北段古近纪发育沿着高原边界纵向流动的原黄河;中新世祁连山东段发育相互平行的河流汇入沉积中心陇西盆地,在晋陕峡谷北部和南部出现流向不同的大型河流,渤海湾盆地和南黄海盆地此时还未出现黄河物质,黄河在中新世进入分段演化阶段;上新世黄河已经连通西宁盆地、兰州盆地、银川盆地和河套盆地,而贵德盆地和共和盆地依然存在内流水系,此时黄河上游还未深入青藏高原东北段更深的腹地.晋陕峡谷南北异向的黄河格局依然存在.三门峡盆地仍然被大型古湖占据,黄河物质未出现在渤海湾盆地和南黄海盆地.上新世是黄河完成最后连通的重要转折阶段;早更新世黄河完成上游、中游和下游的连通,类似现今串联青藏高原、黄土高原和华北平原,东流入海的黄河此时形成.在晚更新世,受气候变化的影响,黄河各段进入新一期演化过程,局部河道再次被古湖占据,在降水丰沛期完成各河道的再次连通.构造和气候的共同作用对黄河的发育具有重要影响.河流水系腹地高大地形的维持是水系发展的前提条件之一.尤其是中新世和上新世祁连山东段的隆升,塑造了黄河在青藏高原的河流基本形态.鄂尔多斯高原周围的贺兰山、阴山和秦岭的隆升,造就了银川、河套和渭河这些深大地堑,在气候干旱期成为限制黄河全线贯通的重要因素.第四纪是东亚气候变化频繁的时期,黄河的最终贯通与气候变化过程密切相关.反过来讲,对黄河的形成与演化过程的研究,可以有效揭示我国北方新生代的构造演化、气候变化过程.
黄河 / 构造活动 / 气候变化 / 物源示踪 / 阶地 / 古近纪 / 中新世 / 上新世 / 更新世 / 第四纪地质 / 环境地质.
Yellow River / tectonic activity / climate change / provenance tracing / river terrace / Paleogene / Miocene / Pliocene / Pleistocene / quaternary geology / environmental geology
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国家自然科学基金(41972212;42030305)
三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室(三峡大学)开放研究基金(2023KDZ14)
湖北省楚天学者人才计划(8210403)
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