青藏高原东南缘上地壳晚新生代构造变形综述
Review of Structural Deformation in the Upper Crust of the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau since the Late Cenozoic
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青藏高原东南缘是检验青藏高原演化模型的理想实验场,也是全球地震活动最为频繁的地区之一.综述了青藏高原东南缘主要活动断裂十年和万年尺度的滑动习性研究和百年时间尺度区域地震活动分布,结合前人总结的百万年时间尺度的年代学研究,认为自中新世中晚期以来,青藏高原内部物质逐渐向东流出,受四川盆地阻挡,转而向东南缘地区作顺时针旋转运动,至晚第四纪时期,东南缘地区上地壳变形已由原本集中分布在大型走滑边界断裂和逆冲褶皱带转变为弥散式分布至区内次级断裂,形成了以鲜水河-小江断裂带和实皆断裂带为边界,围绕喜马拉雅东构造结作顺时针旋转的运动学特征. 据此青藏高原东南缘变形可划分为两阶段,中新世早期及以前变形集中在大型边界断裂,符合刚性块体变形,至晚第四纪时期转为弥散式连续变形. 基于水平滑动速率和地震活动性对比,青藏高原东南缘活动断裂可大致分为三级. 一级断裂为边界断裂鲜水河-小江断裂带和实皆断裂带,水平滑动速率均≥10 mm/a,曾发生8级及以上地震和连续的7~7.9级强震,是东南缘地区晚第四纪以来一级构造格架;二级断裂往往控制东南缘地区强活动构造单元,水平滑动速率为~3~6 mm/a,通常发生过7~7.9级地震;三级断裂水平滑动速率一般≤2 mm/a,通常发生过7级以下地震,一般规模较小,但数量较多. 此外,川滇地块晚第四纪变形特征发生转变,构造运动由原本的沿大型边界走滑断裂运动转变为鲜水河-小江断裂带周缘次级活动地块的旋转、平移和差异隆升.
青藏高原东南缘 / 上地壳变形特征 / 弥散变形 / 断裂分级 / 天然地震
the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau / upper crust deformation characteristics / diffusion deformation / faults classification / earthquake
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科技部项目(2021FY100103)
国家自然科学基金项目(U2239202)
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