秦岭生态地质环境系统本底特征及研究体系初步构想
申艳军 , 陈兴 , 彭建兵 , 穆青翼 , 宁奕冰 , 段丰浩 , 师百垒
地球科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (06) : 2103 -2119.
秦岭生态地质环境系统本底特征及研究体系初步构想
Background Characteristics of Ecological Geological Environment System in Qinling Mountains and Assumption of Its Theoretical System
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生态文明建设已成为关系人民福祉和民族未来的重大战略任务.秦岭作为中国地理分界带、气候分区带和生态屏障带,也是黄河、长江的重要水源涵养地,其生态屏障功能对维系整个中国生态安全至关重要,在我国生态地质格局中占据重要地位.但目前,在气候变化和人类活动的影响下,秦岭面临着地质环境多变、生态环境脆弱、地质灾害频发、人地系统不协调等一系列问题,导致秦岭中央生态屏障功能严重受限.生态地质环境作为生态系统载体,是开展秦岭生态保护与可持续发展研究的基础.本文尝试梳理秦岭生态地质环境系统要素组成及本底特征,掌握秦岭生态地质环境系统要素互馈与协同演进关系,明确秦岭生态损害-土水灾害-地质灾害递进演化过程,进而构建秦岭生态地质环境系统研究体系;同时,初步梳理了该领域亟待攻克五大关键科学问题.研究表明:(1)秦岭生态地质环境本底特征要素包括山体、岩体、土体、水体与林体,“五体”整体表现为:山脉西高东低、北陡南缓;构造复杂,岩性多样;土壤西贫瘠,东肥沃;北属黄河水系,南属长江水系,水系西疏东密;植被覆盖率高,植被类型差异东西较南北更为显著.(2)秦岭人地互馈强烈、工程建设活动频繁,导致局地生态损害严重,水土灾害及地质灾害频发.(3)秦岭生态地质环境系统由地质环境子系统、生态环境子系统和灾害环境子系统所组成,三大子系统间相互耦合、相互作用,互馈关系显著.(4)秦岭地质环境-生态环境-灾害环境三大子系统内要素组成多元、要素互馈显著,围绕各子系统要素间的互馈、协同、递进关系研究,剖析人类活动及外界环境对系统干扰劣化影响,构成了秦岭生态地质环境系统研究体系主体内容.(5)秦岭生态地质环境应把握生态绿色发展理念,聚焦生态地质安全和灾害环境系统问题,围绕秦岭林体-土体-岩体-山体-水体协同演化与动态调控机制,通过跨学科、多角度、全方位融合突破相关科学问题.研究以期为秦岭生态地质环境圈层互馈效应、协同演化机制及生态调控技术发展研究提供借鉴.
秦岭 / 生态地质环境系统 / 本底特征 / 体系构想 / 关键科学问题 / 工程地质.
Qinling Mountain / ecogeological environment system / background characteristics / research system / key scientific issue / engineering geology
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国家自然科学基金专项项目(42341101)
长安大学中央高校科研业务费专项资金(300102263401)
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