溶洞填充对含水层渗流和水力参数的影响
陈焕雄 , 李静 , 黄聪明 , 陈徵文 , 潘晓东 , 程瑞瑞
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (06) : 2416 -2427.
溶洞填充对含水层渗流和水力参数的影响
Effects of Cave Filling on Seepage and Hydraulic Parameters of Aquifers
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中国西南岩溶区水土漏失严重,表层土充填并堵塞含水层储水结构,改变了介质场水动力参数.为探讨溶洞堵塞对含水层渗流的影响,设计岩溶裂隙-溶洞三维物理模型,开展了不同堵塞率、不同降雨条件下岩溶裂隙储水-释水渗流实验.结果表明:基流衰退过程中,岩溶水流量呈三阶段下降模式.初始流量与衰退系数受含水层厚度,水位落差和介质场渗透系数影响.堵塞会延长储水时间,加快降雨结束时水位回落速度;在堵塞率超过50%时,蓄水空间大量减少,堵塞介质延缓排水的作用明显,使水位回落速度减慢.堵塞率与渗透系数K和储水系数S间为指数函数关系,堵塞初期两个参数快速减小.数值模拟结果表明参数K和S的减小,会引起地下水水位抬高,导致地下水位在降雨开始与结束时的不稳定,减弱岩溶含水层地下水的调控能力.
In the karst area of Southwest China, water and soil leakage is serious, and topsoil fills and plugs the aquifer storage structure, changing the hydrodynamic parameters of the media field. In order to explore the influence of cavern plugging on aquifer seepage, a three-dimensional physical model of karst fissure-cavern was designed, and experiments on water storage-release seepage from karst fissures under different plugging rates and rainfall conditions were carried out. The results show that the karst water flow shows a three-stage decline pattern during baseflow recession. The initial flow rate and recession coefficient are affected by aquifer thickness, water level drop and permeability coefficient of media field. Clogging prolongs the storage time and accelerates the rate of water level fallback at the end of rainfall; At a clogging rate of more than 50%, there is a large reduction in the storage space, and the clogging medium retards the drainage significantly, slowing down the rate of water level fallback. Clogging rate and permeability coefficient K and water storage coefficient S is an exponential function of the relationship between the two parameters at the beginning of the plugging rapid decrease. Numerical simulation results show that the decrease of parameters K and S will cause the groundwater level to be elevated, leading to the instability of the groundwater level at the beginning and the end of rainfall, and weakening the ability to regulate the groundwater in karst aquifers.
岩溶地下水 / 溶洞堵塞 / 物理模拟 / 裂隙-溶洞储水介质 / 水文地质 / 环境地质.
karst groundwater / cavern plugging / physical modelling / fissure-cavern storage media / hydrogeology / environmental geology
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广西重点研发计划项目(No.桂科AB21196026)
国家自然科学基金项目(42377071)
国家自然科学基金项目(41977167)
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