基于PFC2D的冻融循环作用下冰碛土微观损伤研究
刘佳诺 , 李明俐 , 姜元俊 , 程建龙 , 何佳敏 , 宋恒鹏 , 郑海君
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10) : 4137 -4154.
基于PFC2D的冻融循环作用下冰碛土微观损伤研究
Microscopic Damage Evolution of Moraine Soils under Freeze-Thaw Cycles Based on PFC2D Simulation
为探究冻融循环作用下冰碛土性质劣化的微观损伤机制,基于离散元理论提出一种通过水颗粒膨胀实现土体冻融损伤模拟的方法.利用颗粒流软件PFC2D模拟三轴压缩试验,结合室内试验结果对比分析,在模拟冰碛土的力学性质变化方面显示出高度的准确性和可靠性,揭示了冻融冰碛土受载时微裂隙、位移场和力链场的演化过程与破裂特征.结果表明:(1)试样冻融过程中微裂隙呈由四周产生并逐渐向中间扩展的“累计演化”趋势,其中张拉微裂隙占据主导地位,在冻融前期(2~5次)颗粒间以水平挤压为主从而大量发育偏90°倾向张拉微裂隙;(2)冻融作用引起的冰碛土性质劣化在冻融前期(2~5次)尤为明显,粘聚力c随冻融次数N的增加呈负指数函数递减规律,而内摩擦角φ呈小幅波动态势;(3)试样受载过程中剪切微裂隙占据主导地位,微裂隙发育呈“慢→陡→缓”趋势演化,根据其裂隙演化特点,将加载过程的应力-应变曲线划分为4个变形阶段;(4)冻融后试样受载时减速斜率转换点B移动到峰值应力点C之前,说明B点在微裂隙扩展-贯通-形成破坏过程中可以作为“前兆特征”;冻融20次试样受载时破坏程度更剧烈且形成明显剪切破坏带.
In order to investigate the microscopic damage mechanism of the degradation of the properties of freezing-thaw (F-T) damaged moraine soils, a method of simulating F-T damage of soils through water particle expansion is proposed based on the discrete element theory. Using the particle flow software PFC2D to simulate the triaxial compression test, combined with the comparative analysis of the test results, this method is accurate and reliable in modeling the changes in mechanical properties of moraine soils and reveals the evolution of microcrack; displacement field; force chain field and rupture characteristics of F-T moraine soils during the loading process. The results show follows (1) The microcracks in the F-T process show a trend of “cumulative evolution” that arises from the surrounding area and gradually expands to the middle, and the tensile microcracks are dominant; at 2-5 times of F-T processes, horizontal compression between particles dominated and a large number of tension microcracks inclined at 90° were developed. (2) The deterioration of moraine properties caused by F-T is particularly obvious in the early freeze-thaw period (2-5 times), the cohesion c decreases as a negative exponential function with the number of F-T cycles, while the internal friction angle φ shows a small fluctuation. (3) The specimen loaded process is dominated by shear cleavage, with the trend of “first slow, then steep, and finally slow” evolution, and the stress-strain curve is divided into four deformation stages according to the evolution characteristics. (4) When the sample is loaded after freeze-thaw, the transition point B of deceleration slope moves before the peak stress point C, indicating that point B can be used as a “precursor feature” in the process of microcrack expansion-through-formation failure; The specimen with 20 F-T cycles were more severely damaged when loaded and formed distinct shear zones.
冰碛土 / 离散元 / PFC2D / 冻融循环 / 微观损伤 / 破裂演化 / 三轴压缩 / 工程地质学.
moraine soil / discrete element method / PFC2D / freezing-thaw cycle / microscopic damage / rupture evolution / triaxial compression / engineering geology
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