藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿剥蚀历史与保存程度‒热年代学约束
Exhumation History and Preservation Degree of Yulong Porphyry Copper Deposit in East Xizang: Constrained by Thermochronology
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玉龙斑岩铜矿是玉龙斑岩铜矿带内唯一的超大型斑岩矿床,以往对该矿床的研究多与成因有关,未突出成矿后改造对制定找矿策略的重要意义.运用锆石U-Pb、磷灰石裂变径迹、磷灰石和锆石(U-Th)/He等热年代学方法进行了定年及相关热历史反演模拟研究.结果表明,玉龙矿床含矿二长花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(41.7±0.5) Ma,锆石(U-Th)/He年龄在34.9~39.3 Ma,说明玉龙矿床的岩浆‒热液演化过程可能至少持续了5 Ma.磷灰石裂变径迹年龄在34.7~ 19.7 Ma,磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄在20.7~18.4 Ma.这几个年龄大致依次降低,能代表冷却和剥蚀事件发生的时间.热历史反演模拟结果显示玉龙矿床经历了大致三个阶段的冷却过程,结合区域构造演化,34~30 Ma经历的相对快速冷却可能与同期印度大陆与亚欧大陆持续碰撞引起的青藏高原快速隆升有关;30~21 Ma相对缓慢的冷却可能是与碰撞活动的减弱有关;21~14 Ma相对快速冷却可能是与同期由构造缩短或者岩浆底垫造成的北羌塘地体地壳加厚事件有关.热历史模拟法计算得到的玉龙矿床剥蚀量为3.45 km, 考虑到玉龙矿床4~5 km的成矿深度,矿床深部还有0.5~1.5 km的找矿空间.
The Yulong porphyry copper deposit is the only super-large porphyry deposit in the Yulong porphyry copper belt, and the previous research on this deposit is primarily focused on genesis, with limited emphasis on the significance of post-metallogenic transformation in formulating prospecting strategies. Thermochronological methods such as zircon U-Pb, apatite fission track, apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He were employed to date and conduct related thermal history inverse modellings. The results indicate that the zircon U-Pb concordant age of the monzogranite porphyry of the Yulong deposit is (41.7±0.5) Ma, with zircon (U-Th)/He age ranging from 34.9 Ma to 39.3 Ma, indicating that the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution process of the Yulong deposit may have lasted at least 5 Ma. The apatite fission track ages range from 34.7 Ma to 19.7 Ma, while apatite (U-Th)/He ages range from 20.7 Ma to 18.4 Ma. These sequentially decreasing ages are indicative of the timing of cooling and exhumation events. The inverse thermal history modelling indicates that the Yulong deposit has undergone a roughly three-stage cooling process, combined with the regional tectonic evolution data, and the relatively rapid cooling between 34 Ma and 30 Ma may be related to the rapid uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, resulting from the ongoing collision between the India and Eurasian continents during this period. The relatively slow cooling observed between 30 Ma and 21 Ma could be linked to the weakening collision activity. The relatively rapid cooling between 21 Ma and 14 Ma may be associated with the crustal thickening event in the North Qiangtang terrane, triggered by tectonic shortening or magma inflation during this period. Utilizing the thermal history simulation method, the exhumation amount of Yulong deposit is 3.45 km, Considering the 4- 5 km of metallogenic depth of Yulong deposit, there is still 0.5-1.5 km of prospecting space in the deep part of the deposit.
斑岩铜矿 / 玉龙 / 矿床 / 隆升剥蚀 / 地质年代学 / 矿床保存.
porphyry copper deposit / Yulong / deposits / uplift and exhumation / geochronology / deposit preservation
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西部地区铜金多金属成矿作用及找矿模型(2022YFC2903304)
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20243512)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42302113)
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