秦岭北麓小城镇群落与生态群落互馈的研究思考
刘冬 , 崔轶杰 , 彭建兵 , 曹小曙 , 申艳军 , 邵龙 , 李登辉
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (02) : 407 -418.
秦岭北麓小城镇群落与生态群落互馈的研究思考
Study on Mutual Feedback between Small Town Communities and Ecological Communities in the Northern Foothills of Qinling Mountains
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习总书记强调保护好秦岭生态环境具有十分重大而深远的意义. 秦岭北麓区位独特、功能突出、人地关系复杂等特征,致使趋于群网化发展的小城镇与生态结构单一、环境脆弱等矛盾日益突出,成为制约秦岭生态文明建设与高质量发展最薄弱的环节.突破单一学科壁垒,基于生态学“群落”的概念,审视秦岭北麓小城镇群落与生态群落作为人地系统互馈的表征,综合运用地理学、生态学、城乡规划学等学科理论及方法,探索缓解小城镇发展与生态保护相冲突的机制和路径.研究表明:(1)秦岭北麓小城镇群落与生态群落的互馈要素多元,呈现出以地形地貌为核心的制力要素,具有基础决定性和一般不发生较大变化的性状;以小城镇群落为核心的动力要素,是推动小城镇群落发展变化的传统物质性要素,并决定群落发展水平和规模;以生态群落为核心的潜力要素,是推动小城镇群落发展变化的软性环境要素. (2)秦岭北麓小城镇群落与生态群落相互作用是复杂的系统问题,涉及人为活动和自然过程的双向互馈,具有显著的从低级、简单向高级、复杂演替的层级递进特征;且相互嵌套、相互牵制、相互促进的基本状态和非线性的互馈循环特性,使得群落互馈的共存、共损与共荣3大关系能够演变和转移.秦岭北麓小城镇群落与生态群落“互馈共荣、动态平衡”策略的提出,是对小城镇群落空间建设的灵活性,以及生态群落保护治理本底性的有效回应,通过识别“失衡”构建止损、补缺、调控的自愈和治愈机制措施.
President Xi has emphasized that protecting the ecological environment of the Qinling Mountains holds great and far⁃reaching significance. The northern slope of the Qinling Mountains is characterized by its unique location, prominent functions, and complex human⁃land relationships. As a result, the increasing contradiction between the trend of small towns developing in a clustered and networked manner and the single ecological structure with fragile environment has become the weakest link restricting the construction of ecological civilization and high⁃quality development in the Qinling Mountains. This paper breaks through the barriers of single disciplines and examines the small town clusters and ecological communities on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains as manifestations of human⁃land system interactions, based on the concept of "community" in ecology. By comprehensively applying theories and methodologies from geography, ecology, urban and rural planning, and other disciplines, it explores mechanisms and pathways to alleviate conflicts between small town development and ecological protection. The research indicates that:(1) The interaction between small town clusters and ecological communities on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains involves diverse feedback elements. These elements can be categorized as follows: control elements centered on topography and landforms, which are fundamentally decisive and generally do not undergo significant changes; driving elements centered on small town clusters, which are traditional material factors that promote the development and transformation of small town clusters and determine their development level and scale; and potential elements centered on ecological communities, which are soft environmental factors that drive the development and transformation of small town clusters.(2) The interaction between small town clusters and ecological communities constitutes a complex system involving bidirectional feedback between human activities and natural processes It exhibits hierarchical and progressive characteristics, evolving from low⁃level and simple states to high⁃level and complex states. Furthermore, the basic states of mutual nesting, mutual restraint, and mutual promotion, along with nonlinear feedback cycles, enable the three major relationships of coexistence, common loss, and common prosperity in community feedback to evolve and shift.The proposal of the strategy of "mutual feedback and common prosperity, dynamic balance" between small town clusters and ecological communities on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains is an effective response to the flexibility in the spatial development of small town clusters and the foundational nature of ecological community protection and governance. By identifying "imbalances," it establishes self⁃healing and remedial mechanisms for stopping losses, filling gaps, and regulating the system.
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国家自然科学基金专项项目(42341101)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(52108063)
2024年秦岭生态科学考察项目
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