白云鄂博Wu dyke碳酸岩脉及围岩的岩相特征和年龄特征综合探讨
田朋飞 , 刘海涛 , 杨晓勇 , 袁万明 , 史江涛 , 何姿霏
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (08) : 2937 -2955.
白云鄂博Wu dyke碳酸岩脉及围岩的岩相特征和年龄特征综合探讨
A Comprehensive Discussion on the Petrographic and Age Characteristics of the Wu Carbonatite Dyke and Wall Rock in the Bayan Obo
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白云鄂博矿床是世界上最大的稀土矿床之一,Wu dyke为矿床东部最典型的一条碳酸岩脉,其相关年龄跨度较大. 采用薄片全扫描、TIMA(TESCAN Intergrated Mineral Analyzer)全扫描、微量元素对其进行岩相学分析,并对其围岩石英砾岩薄片中的锆石进行了原位U⁃Pb分析. 岩相学分析表明石英砾岩中的锆石按分布特征具3种类型,大部分锆石分布在石英和正长石的接触部位,且周边均有伴有霓石和钠长石;部分锆石分布在石英中,其中部分锆石周边有钠长石和霓石颗粒;少部分锆石分布在正长石中,锆石周边亦有钠长石和霓石. 石英砾岩中锆石具有~2.5 Ga和~1.9 Ga两个主要峰值年龄,~2.3 Ga次要峰值年龄,最小锆石年龄1 844±18 Ma可能约束了白云鄂博群都拉哈拉组的最大沉积年龄;3种分布特征的锆石均含有1.8~2.5 Ga的年龄. Wu dyke碳酸岩脉形成于1.4~1.3 Ga之间,在脉体侵位时从碳酸岩岩浆中结晶出来锆石. Wu dyke碳酸岩脉及围岩锆石年龄的研究说明,碳酸岩脉中混染了大量围岩锆石. 在~0.4 Ga期间,Wu dyke碳酸岩脉中和矿区附近部分锆石边缘得到了再生长,部分锆石核部遭受了交代作用. 碳酸岩脉中~0.2 Ga的锆石可能是由与二叠纪花岗岩侵位有关的接触变质作用中的热液流体结晶和/或已有锆石和白云石的交代反应而成.
The Bayan Obo deposit in China is endowed with the largest rare earth element resource in the world. The Wu dyke is one of the typical carbonatite dyke in the eastern part of the deposit, but itsrelevant age span is relatively large in previous studies. To solve the issue, we carried out a detailed petrographic analysis of sectionfull scan, TIMA (TESCAN Intergrated Mineral Analyzer)scan, and trace element. The U⁃Pb dating was then carried out on zircons in the thin section of the quartz conglomerate that from the wall rock of the Wucarbonatite dyke. Petrographic analysis reveals three types of zircon distribution in the quartz conglomerate: most zircons are distributed in the contact area between quartz and orthoclase, and are accompanied by aegirine and albite in the surrounding areas; Some zircons are distributed in pure quartz, but some of them are surrounded by aegirine and albite particles; A small amount of zircon is distributed in orthoclase, and there are alsoamounts of albite and aegirine around zircon. The zircons in the quartz conglomerate have two main age peaks of ~2.5 Ga and ~1.9 Ga, and secondary age peak of ~2.3 Ga. The minimum zircon age of 1 844±18 Ma may represent the biggestsedimentary age of the Dulahala Formation in the Bayan Obo Group; all three types of zircons contain ages of 1.8~2.5 Ga.The Wucarbonatite dyke was formed at 1.4~1.3 Ga, and new zircons crystallized from the carbonatite magma when the dykewas emplaced, which is approximately coeval with the world⁃wide rifting events at this time that are associated with the final breakup of the Columbia supercontinent.Studies on the zircon ages of the Wucarbonatite dyke and wall rock show that the carbonatite dykeis contaminated with a large number of basement zircons. During the ~0.4 Ga period, the margins of some zircon in the Wucarbonatite dyke and in the Bayan Obo deposit were regrown, and some zircon cores were metasomatized.The ~0.2 Ga zircons from carbonatitethat around the Bayan Obo deposit maybeformed by hydrothermal fluids and/or reactions involving zircon and dolomite during contact metamorphism resulting from hydrothermal input from emplacement of the Permian granitoids.
白云鄂博 / 碳酸岩 / Wu dyke / TIMA / 原位锆石 / 华北克拉通 / 矿床学.
Bayan Obo / carbonatite / Wu dyke / TIMA / in situ zircon / NCC / ore deposits
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中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“低碳能源金属矿产(锂、稀土、钴、镍、铜)找矿增储与高效提取”(XDA0430203)
山西省教育厅项目(2022L593)
自然资源部同位素地质重点实验室开放课题基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42127801)
山西省科技厅面上项目(202403021221224)
山西工程技术学院(2021QD⁃21)
山西工程技术学院(2023HX⁃11)
来晋工作优秀博士资助(2022PT⁃03)
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