福州寿山石矿床的流体包裹体和H⁃O同位素特征及其矿床成因意义
朱律运 , 孟桅 , 杨仲 , 许文 , 李玉娟 , 詹旭焘 , 陈润生
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (07) : 2707 -2719.
福州寿山石矿床的流体包裹体和H⁃O同位素特征及其矿床成因意义
Fluid Inclusions and H⁃O Isotopic Characterization of Shoushan Stone Deposits in Fuzhou and Its Significance for Genesis of Deposits
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中国四大雕刻名石之一的福州寿山石是酸性火山岩与热液发生水岩反应的产物,因此成矿流体特征是寿山石形成机理研究和建立正确成矿模式与勘查模型的关键.对产于福州寿山地区的热液石英进行了流体包裹体测试和H-O同位素分析,并利用热力学工具定量探讨了富含高岭石族矿物寿山石形成所需的条件.用于测试的热液石英富含气液两相包裹体,两件采自柳坪矿区的样品获得的均一温度分别为197 °C和211 °C,采自高山矿区的样品获得的均一温度为245 °C.H-O同位素测试获得石英中的δ18OV-SMOW的值为8.3‰和8.4‰,δDV-SMOW的值为-61‰和-83‰.结合收集获得的高岭石H-O同位素数据,最终推测出不同平衡温度条件下(150 ℃、200 ℃、250 ℃)成矿流体的H-O同位素特征,结果表明寿山石成矿流体应是岩浆水和大气降水混合的产物.正是大气降水的加入让原来高温岩浆热液的温度、盐度、pH值等特征变得更加适合形成黏土矿物.而长时间发生的水岩反应有利于酸性火山岩充分蚀变,形成种类丰富多样的寿山石.本文进一步完善了寿山石的矿床成因模型,同时为浅成低温热液蚀变成因的金属和非金属矿床勘查工作提供启示.
As one of the four most famous carving stones in China, Shoushan stone is mainly produced in the Fuzhou volcanic basin and formed by alteration between acidic volcanic rocks and hydrothermal fluids. The characteristics of ore-forming fluid are the key to understanding the mineralization and exploration model. The hydrothermal quartz from Shoushan stone deposit was sampled for the experiment of fluid inclusions and H-O isotopes. The thermodynamic tool is also adopted to quantify the conditions for the formation of Shoushan stone containing kaolinite group minerals. All fluid inclusions in quartz consist of volatile-liquid phases. The homogenization temperatures are 197 °C and 211 °C for samples from Liuping sample, and 245 °C for that from Gaoshan. The δ18OV-SMOW values of quartz are 8.3‰ and 8.4‰, and the δDV-SMOW values of quartz are -61‰ and -83‰. Combined with the H-O isotope results of kaolinite from previous research, the H-O isotope of fluid is calculated theoretically under different temperatures (150 ℃, 200 ℃ and 250 ℃), which demonstrates that the ore-forming fluid is a mixture of magmatic and meteoric water. By the addition of meteoric water, the temperature, salinity and pH of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, hydrothermal fluids are made more suitable for the formation of clay minerals. Then, the long-term water-rock reaction leads to the sufficient alternation of acidic volcanic rocks, forming a variety of Shoushan stones. This study improves the mineralization model of Shoushan stone and provides insights into the exploration of metallic and non-metallic deposits caused by epithermal hydrothermal alteration.
寿山石 / 流体包裹体 / H⁃O同位素 / 流体来源 / 成矿条件 / 矿床学.
Shoushan stone / fluid inclusion / H⁃O isotope / fluid source / mineralization condition / ore deposit
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福建省科技计划项目(引导性项目)(2024Y0002)
国家自然科学基金项目(42273033)
福建省地质矿产勘查开发局项目(闽地地任[2020]41号)
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