张扭型菱形地堑构造特征及其控藏作用:以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷为例
刘培 , 彭光荣 , 李洪博 , 杜晓东 , 罗明 , 宋朋霖
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (08) : 3213 -3224.
张扭型菱形地堑构造特征及其控藏作用:以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷为例
Structural Characteristics of Tensional⁃Shear Rhomb Graben and Its Control on Hydrocarbon Accumulation:A Case Study of Huizhou Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin
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拉分盆地又称菱形盆地,一般在强走滑构造环境中发育,但惠州凹陷在喜山早期张扭背景下发育了珠江口盆地独具特色的菱形地堑.基于三维地震、钻井等资料,并结合区域构造背景,对惠州凹陷这一类张扭背景下发育的菱形地堑的构造特征、成因机制及其控藏作用进行研究.惠州凹陷发育NE⁃SW走向拉张型、近E⁃W走向扭-张型及NW⁃SE走向张-扭型3类主干断裂,3类主干断裂在文昌组沉积期差异活化,联合控制惠西地区张扭型菱形地堑4个演化阶段:复式半地堑发育期、菱形地堑雏形期、菱形地堑拓展期、菱形地堑定型期. 惠州-北卫滩隐伏断裂带在印支-燕山期形成和发育,喜山期左行活化影响范围基本覆盖整个惠西地区. 惠西地区在珠琼运动I幕NW⁃SE向拉张背景及惠州-北卫滩隐伏断裂带左行活化共同控制下,发育为张扭型菱形地堑. 同时,菱形地堑发育及演化控制了惠西地区烃源岩发育规模、大型圈闭群形成及断层封堵、油气运移等成藏条件,相关古近系圈闭油气探勘潜力大.
The pull apart basin, also known as the diamond basin, typically forms in strong strike⁃slip tectonic setting. However, Huizhou Sag of Pearl River Mouth Basin developed the distinctive diamond⁃shaped graben during the Eocene rifting period under tensional⁃shear setting. Base on three⁃dimensional seismic and drilling data, along with regional tectonic context, This study investigates the structural characteristics, genesis mechanism, and oil and gas accumulation of tensional⁃shear rhomb graben. Huizhou Sag developed three types of primary faults: NE⁃SW trending extensional faults, nearly E⁃W trending shear⁃tensional faults, and NW⁃SE trending tensional⁃shear faults. Three types of major faults activated differently during the deposition of the Wenchang Formation and jointly controlled the four evolution stages of the transtensional rhombohedral graben in the Huixi area:the development phase of the compound half graben, the embryonic stage of the rhomb graben, the expansion phase of the rhomb graben, and the definitive stage of the rhomb graben. The Huizhou Beiweitan hidden fault was formed and developed in Indosinian⁃Yanshanian period, and its left⁃lateral activation area basically covered the whole Huixi area in the Himalayan period. Controlled by the NW⁃SE trending extensional setting of the first episode of the Zhuqiong Movement I and the sinistral activation of Huizhou⁃Beiweitan hidden fault, Huixi sag developed a basin style of tensional⁃shearrhomb graben.At the same time, the development and evolution of diamond shaped graben control the development scale of source rocks, the formation of large trap groups, fault sealing, oil and gas migration. The NW⁃SE trending Paleogene trap group has great potential for oil and gas exploration.
菱形地堑 / 惠州凹陷 / 断裂特征 / 构造演化 / 惠州-北卫滩隐伏断裂带 / 油气成藏 / 石油地质.
rhomb graben / Huizhou sag / fault characteristics / tectonic evolution / Huizhou Beiweitan hidden fault / hydrocarbon Accumulation / petroluem geology
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中国海洋石油有限公司前瞻基础研究项目“珠一坳陷隐伏断裂带特征及其控洼控藏作用研究(KJQZ⁃2023⁃2001)
中国海洋石油集团有限公司“十四五”科技重大项目“陆缘裂谷盆地深层/超深层油气成藏条件与成藏机制研究——珠江口盆地珠一坳陷”(KJGG2022⁃0403)
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