马达加斯加海台地质属性及其构造-岩浆演化过程
许延成 , 唐勇 , 郭楚枫 , 董崇志 , 王征 , 吴招才 , 任建业
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (08) : 3070 -3084.
马达加斯加海台地质属性及其构造-岩浆演化过程
Analysis of the Geological Characteristics and Tectono⁃Magmatic Evolution Processes of the Madagascar Plateau
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马达加斯加海台(MADP)作为冈瓦纳大陆分离裂解的产物,具有独特的地形、地球物理特征。通过对穿过MADP区域深反射地震剖面A⁃A'的解释和分析,结合重、磁异常数据,深入研究了MADP的地质属性、地壳结构和沉积地层格架,阐明了马达加斯加南部陆缘岩石圈伸展破裂的构造演化过程.通过重、震资料分析,将MADP分为北部薄化陆壳、洋陆转换带(OCT)和南部增厚的洋壳.马达加斯加南部陆缘在133 Ma经历了裂谷作用后,在120 Ma岩石圈伸展破裂并形成岩浆型被动陆缘,后续在Marion热点作用下(90~50 Ma),陆壳与洋壳在岩浆作用下进一步增厚,最终形成了现在的MADP.进一步深化了MADP发育演化过程的认识,对于西南印度洋海底高地形属性的确定具有重要的实际应用价值.
The Madagascar Plateau (MADP), as a product of the separation of the Gondwana continent, exhibits unique topographic and geophysical characteristics. Through the interpretation and analysis of deep reflection seismic section A⁃A' across the MADP region, combined with gravity and magnetic anomaly data, the geological properties, crustal structure and sedimentary stratigraphic framework of the MADP are deeply studied, and the tectonic evolution process of lithosphere extension and rupture in the southern continental margin of Madagascar is clarified.Based on gravity and seismic data analysis, the MADP can be subdivided into the thinned continental crust in the north, the oceanic⁃continental transition zone (OCT) in the mid, and the thickened oceanic crust in the south. After undergoing rifting at 133 Ma, the southern continental margin of Madagascar experienced extension and rupture at 120 Ma, leading to the formation of a magmatic passive continental margin. Subsequently, influenced by the Marion hotspot (90–50 Ma), the continental and oceanic crust underwent further thickening due to magmatic activity, ultimately resulting in the present⁃day Madagascar Passive Margin (MADP). This research enhances our understanding of the development and evolution of MADP and has significant practical implications for determining seafloor high terrain attributes in the southwest Indian Ocean.
马达加斯加海台 / 海底高原 / 洋脊 / 原洋洋壳 / Marion热点 / 海洋地质.
Madagascar Plateau / submarine elevation / mid⁃ocean ridge / Proto⁃oceanic crust / Marion hotspot / marine geology
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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2808803)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0126100)
浙江省“高层次人才特殊支持计划”科技创新领军人才项目(2021R52058)
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