秦岭北麓乡村人-地-业系统互馈模式与机理
杨如玉 , 黄晓燕 , 秦玥 , 孙腾 , 吴楚晴 , 朱迪 , 许诺 , 铉登祺 , 王子奇 , 吕艳 , 刘冬 , 申艳军 , 曹小曙 , 彭建兵
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (02) : 446 -461.
秦岭北麓乡村人-地-业系统互馈模式与机理
Patterns and Mechanisms of Human⁃Land⁃Industry System Mutual Feedback in Villages of the Northern Foothills of Qinling Mountains
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乡村是自然环境、人类活动与产业发展之间矛盾最突出的地域单元,厘清乡村人-地-业系统互馈机理是践行乡村振兴战略的科学基础. 秦岭北麓敏感的地理环境特征和周边社会经济的高速发展,给人地协调带来了重大挑战,是乡村人-地-业系统互馈研究的典型区域. 依据人地耦合协调强度、地貌、土地利用和旅游资源,将秦岭北麓的乡村分为8种类型,分别探究人-地-业系统各要素之间相互作用机理,并总结典型模式,提出系统优化和防止系统崩溃调控路径. 研究发现,耦合互馈分为4个阶段,分别是自给型人地共生期、劳动力析出土地松绑期、产业融合生态觉醒期和政策调控系统重构期. 按产业或生计方式将秦岭北麓乡村人-地-业系统归纳为农业特色和旅游特色两种互馈模式. 为防止系统崩溃,农业特色村需构建多层次韧性防御体系,涵盖灾害预警、产业多元、合作网络维护与动态政策调控;旅游特色村以文化资源深度开发、构建“旅游业+”的复合产业和弹性开发政策、抵御同质竞争与生态超载风险来维持可持续发展. 研究结果可为促进生态敏感区域乡村人-地-业系统协调发展提供科学依据.
The countryside is the most prominent geographical unit of contradiction between the natural environment, human activities and industrial development, and clarifying the mechanism of human⁃land⁃industry system mutual feedback in the countryside is the scientific basis for the practice of the strategy of rural revitalization. The northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains are a typical area for the study of rural human⁃land⁃industry system inter⁃feedback due to its sensitive geographic and environmental characteristics and the rapid development of the neighbouring socio⁃economies, which pose a major challenge to the coordination of the local human⁃land. Based on the strength of human⁃land coupling coordination, geomorphology, land use and tourism resources, this paper divides the countryside into eight types, explores the mechanism of interaction between the elements of the human⁃land⁃industry system, summarises the typical patterns, and puts forward a path for system optimisation and prevention of system collapse regulation.It is found that the coupling and mutual feedback are divided into four stages, namely, the period of self⁃sufficient human⁃land symbiosis, the period of labor migration and land abandonment, the period of ecological awakening of industrial integration, and the period of reconfiguration of the policy⁃regulated system. The human⁃land⁃industry system in the villages in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains is categorised into two typical mutual feedback patterns, namely agricultural characteristics and tourism characteristics, according to the industry or livelihood mode. In order to prevent system collapse, agricultural villages need to build a multi⁃level resilience defence system, covering disaster early warning, industrial diversification, cooperative network maintenance and dynamic policy regulation; tourism villages need to maintain sustainable development by deeply developing cultural resources, constructing a composite industry of ‘tourism+’, and resilient development policies to resist homogeneous competition and ecological overload risks development. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for promoting the coordinated development of human⁃land⁃industry systems in ecologically sensitive areas.
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国家自然科学基金专项项目(42341101)
国家自然科学基金专项项目(72349001)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(42430409)
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