白格滑坡构造混杂岩的空间结构和强度特性对滑动带形成和远程运动的影响
彭星亮 , 汪发武 , 陈也 , 赵子昕
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10) : 3844 -3856.
白格滑坡构造混杂岩的空间结构和强度特性对滑动带形成和远程运动的影响
Research on Effects of Spatial Structure and Strength Characteristics of Tectonic Mélanges in Baige Landslide on Formation of Sliding Zone and Long Runout Movement
,
,
2018年10月和11月在金沙江构造混杂岩带中段相继发生两次大型高位远程滑坡,并引发滑坡-堰塞湖灾害链,滑坡源区位于西藏自治区昌都市江达县白格村.针对白格滑坡的远程运动特性,通过室内微观特性测试分析滑坡处构造混杂岩的岩性特征,运用环境噪声频散测量探明物源区构造混杂岩的空间结构,结合不排水环剪试验剖析滑动带物质的剪切行为.研究发现,(1)滑坡物源区的构造混杂岩主要由绿泥石化变质粉砂岩和伊利石化变质板岩组成,均含有较高比例粘土矿物成分,遇水易发生风化作用导致强度降低;(2)坡体内构造混杂岩块体的分布结构显著影响滑动带的形成和形状,滑动带沿着块体和基质之间的薄弱区域扩展,在岩体内呈现“绕块体发育”模式;(3)饱和滑动带试样在长距离不排水剪切过程中产生高孔隙水压力,导致强度显著弱化,其峰值抗剪强度和残余强度降低为干燥状态下的67%和60%.结果表明,构造混杂岩的强度劣化特性和块体分布结构对滑动带的形成有显著影响,其剪切强度特性对滑坡的远程运移具有控制作用.此研究可为白格滑坡坡体后续可能的变形破坏分析提供依据,还可进一步为构造混杂岩地区边坡稳定性评价和同类型滑坡灾害防治提供参考.
In October and November 2018, two large-scale high-altitude long-runout landslides successively occurred in the central section of the Jinsha River tectonic mélange belt, triggering a cascade disaster chain of landslide-dammed lakes. The source areas of these landslides were located at Baige Village, Jiangda County, Changdu City, Tibet Autonomous Region. This study focuses on the long runout movement characteristics of the Baige landslide. It investigated the topographic features of the landslide area through unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveying. Laboratory microscopic characterization was used to analyze the lithological properties of the mélange rock. The ambient noise dispersion measurements were used to explore the spatial structure of the mélange rock mass in the source area,combined with the high-speed undrained ring shear test to analyze the dynamics of the sliding zone material.This study reveals follows. (1) The mélange rocks of the source area are primarily composed of chloritized metamorphic siltstone and illitized metamorphic slate. These rocks contain a high proportion of clay minerals, which are prone to weathering when exposed to water, leading to a reduction in strength. (2) The spatial distribution of blocks within the mélange rock mass significantly affects the formation and shape of sliding zones. Sliding zones tend to form along zones of weakness in both the blocks and the matrix, exhibiting a failure mode characterized by block-bypassing mechanisms.(3) The saturated sliding zone sample generates high pore-water pressure during undrained rapid shear process, resulting in significant strength degradation. Its peak shear strength and residual strength are 67% and 60% of that under dry conditions, respectively.The results demonstrate that the combination of the spatial structure and strength deterioration characteristics of mélanges is a key factor causing the frequency of high-altitude long runout landslides in this region. The shear strength characteristics of mélanges controlled the long-runout movement of the landslide.This research provides a foundation for the subsequent potential deformation and failure of the Baige landslide slope. It also offers valuable insights for slope stability analysis and landslide disaster prevention in tectonic mélange areas.
白格滑坡 / 构造混杂岩 / 频散测量 / 空间结构 / 不排水剪切强度 / 工程地质学.
Baige landslide / tectonic mélange / dispersion measurement / spatial structure / undrained shear strength / engineering geology
| [1] |
Asten, M. W., Hayashi, K., 2018. Application of the Spatial Auto-Correlation Method for Shear-Wave Velocity Studies Using Ambient Noise. Surveys in Geophysics, 39(4): 633-659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-018-9474-2 |
| [2] |
Cao, P., Li, Y. S., Li, Z. L., et al., 2021. Geological Structure Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Baige Landslide Slope in Changdu, Tibet. Earth Science, 46(9): 3397-3409 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [3] |
Chen, F., Wang, S., Gao, Y. J., et al., 2020. Evolution of the Cracking Zones at the Site of the Baige Landslides and Their Future Development. Advanced Engineering Sciences, 52(5): 71-78 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [4] |
Chen, Y., Wang, F. W., Feng, Y. Q., et al., 2024. Localised Fluidisation in a Giant Loess Landslide. Engineering Geology, 344: 107854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.1078544 |
| [5] |
Fan, X. M., Yang, F., Siva Subramanian, S., et al., 2020. Prediction of a Multi-Hazard Chain by an Integrated Numerical Simulation Approach: The Baige Landslide, Jinsha River, China. Landslides, 17(1): 147-164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01313-5 |
| [6] |
Fang, J. R., Song, J., Li, X., 2021. Quantitative Analysis of Clay Minerals' Influence on Bound Water Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Soft Soils. Journal of Engineering Geology, 29(5): 1303-1311 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [7] |
Feng, W. K., Zhang, G. Q., Bai, H. L., et al., 2019. A Preliminary Analysis of the Formation Mechanism and Development Tendency of the Huge Baige Landslide in Jinsha River on October 11, 2018. Journal of Engineering Geology, 27(2): 415-425 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [8] |
Festa, A., Dilek, Y., Pini, G. A., et al., 2012. Mechanisms and Processes of Stratal Disruption and Mixing in the Development of Mélanges and Broken Formations: Redefining and Classifying Mélanges. Tectonophysics, 568: 7-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.05.021 |
| [9] |
Festa, A., Pini, G. A., Ogata, K., et al., 2019. Diagnostic Features and Field-Criteria in Recognition of Tectonic, Sedimentary and Diapiric Mélanges in Orogenic Belts and Exhumed Subduction-Accretion Complexes. Gondwana Research, 74: 7-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.01.003 |
| [10] |
Guo, C. B., Wu, R. A., Zhong, N., et al., 2024. Large Landslides along Active Tectonic Zones of Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Background and Mechanism of Landslide Formation. Earth Science, 49(12): 4635-4658 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [11] |
Guo, C. B., Yan, Y. Q., Zhang, Y. S., et al., 2022. Research Progress and Prospect of Failure Mechanism of Large Deep-Seated Creeping Landslides in Tibetan Plateau, China. Earth Science, 47(10): 3677-3700 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [12] |
Kimura, G., Yamaguchi, A., Hojo, M., et al., 2012. Tectonic Mélange as Fault Rock of Subduction Plate Boundary. Tectonophysics, 568: 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.025 |
| [13] |
Li, J. Q., Zhang, Y. S., Ren, S. S., et al., 2024. Catastrophic Mechanical Behavior of Clay-Altered Rock in the Baige Landslide Upstream of the Jinsha River. Advanced Engineering Sciences, 56(3): 72-82 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [14] |
Lin, S., Wang, W., Deng, X. H., et al., 2019. Geophysical Observation of Typical Landslides in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Its Significance: A Case Study of Sifangbei Landslide in Wanzhou District. Earth Science, 44(9): 3135-3146 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [15] |
Montoya-Araque, E. A., Suarez-Burgoa, L. O., 2019. Automatic Generation of Tortuous Failure Surfaces in Block-in-Matrix Materials for 2D Slope Stability Assessments. Computers and Geotechnics, 112: 17-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.04.002 |
| [16] |
National Energy Administration, 2018. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Methods for Clay Minerals and Common Non-Clay Minerals in Sedimentary Rocks. Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing (in Chinese). |
| [17] |
Ogata, K., Festa, A., Pini, G. A., et al., 2021. Mélanges in Flysch-Type Formations: Reviewing Geological Constraints for a Better Understanding of Complex Formations with Block-in-Matrix Fabric. Engineering Geology, 293: 106289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106289 |
| [18] |
Pan, G. T., Ren, F., Yin, F. G., et al., 2020. Key Zones of Oceanic Plate Geology and Sichuan-Tibet Railway Project. Earth Science, 45(7): 2293-2304 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [19] |
Peng, J. B., Cui, P., Zhuang, J. Q., 2020. Challenges to Engineering Geology of Sichuan-Tibet Railway. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 39(12): 2377-2389 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [20] |
Sassa, K., Dang, K., He, B., et al., 2014. A New High-Stress Undrained Ring-Shear Apparatus and Its Application to the 1792 Unzen-Mayuyama Megaslide in Japan. Landslides, 11(5): 827-842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0501-1 |
| [21] |
Tang, Y., Qin, Y. D., Gong, X. D., et al., 2022. Determination of Material Composition of Jinshajiang Tectonic Mélange Belt in Gonjo-Baiyu Area, Eastern Tibet. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 42(2): 260-278 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [22] |
Tian, S. F., Chen, N. S., Wu, H., et al., 2020. New Insights into the Occurrence of the Baige Landslide along the Jinsha River in Tibet. Landslides, 17(5): 1207-1216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01351-4 |
| [23] |
Wang, F. W., 1999. An Experimental Study on Grain Crushing and Excess Pore Pressure Generation during Shearing of Sandy Soils: A Key Factor for Rapid Landslide Motion (Dissertation). Kyoto University, Kyoto. |
| [24] |
Wang, F. W., 2019. Liquefactions Caused by Structure Collapse and Grain Crushing of Soils in Rapid and Long Runout Landslides Triggered by Earthquakes. Journal of Engineering Geology, 27(1): 98-107 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [25] |
Wang, F. W., Chen, Y., Liu, W. C., et al., 2022. Characteristics and Challenges to Dynamics of Long-Runout Landslides with High-Altitude in Southeast Tibet. Journal of Engineering Geology, 30(6): 1831-1841 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [26] |
Wang, F. W., Okeke, A. C., Kogure, T., et al., 2018. Assessing the Internal Structure of Landslide Dams Subject to Possible Piping Erosion by Means of Microtremor Chain Array and Self-Potential Surveys. Engineering Geology, 234: 11-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.12.023 |
| [27] |
Wang, L. C., Wen, M. S., Feng, Z., et al., 2019. Researches on the Baige Landslide at Jinshajiang River, Tibet, China. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 30(1): 1-9 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [28] |
Weaver, R. L., 2005. Information from Seismic Noise. Science, 307(5715): 1568-1569. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1109834 |
| [29] |
Yan, Y. Q., Guo, C. B., Zhang, Y. S., et al., 2021. Study of the Deformation Characteristics of the Xiongba Ancient Landslide Based on SBAS-InSAR Method, Tibet, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 95(11): 3556-3570 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [30] |
Yan, Z., Wang, Z. Q., Fu, C. L., et al., 2018. Characteristics and Thematic Geological Mapping of Mélanges. Geological Bulletin of China, 37(S1): 167-191 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [31] |
Yuan, H., Guo, C. B., Wu, R. A., et al., 2024. Shear Strength Characteristics of Sliding Zone Soils and Mechanisms of Luanshibao Long Runout Landslide in Litang County, Sichuan Province, China. Earth Science, 49(12): 4659-4672 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [32] |
Zhang, S. L., Yin, Y. P., Hu, X. W., et al., 2020. Initiation Mechanism of the Baige Landslide on the Upper Reaches of the Jinsha River, China. Landslides, 17(12): 2865-2877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01495-3 |
| [33] |
Zhang, Y. S., Li, J. Q., Ren, S. S., et al., 2022. Development Characteristics of Clayey Altered Rocks in the Sichuan-Tibet Traffic Corridor and Their Promotion to Large-Scale Landslides. Earth Science, 47(6): 1945-1956 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [34] |
Zhang, Y. S., Ren, S. S., Li, J. Q., et al., 2023. Prone Sliding Geo-Structure and High-Position Initiating Mechanism of Duolasi Landslide in Nu River Tectonic Mélange Belt. Earth Science, 48(12): 4668-4679 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [35] |
Zhang, Y. S., Wang, D. B., Li, X., et al., 2024. Research on Hazard Prone Geological Genes and Major Engineering Geological Problems in Tectonic Mélange Belts of Tibetan Plateau. Acta Geologica Sinica, 98(3): 992-1005 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [36] |
Zhang, Z., He, S. M., Liu, W., et al., 2019. Source Characteristics and Dynamics of the October 2018 Baige Landslide Revealed by Broadband Seismograms. Landslides, 16(4): 777-785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01145-3 |
| [37] |
Zhao, Z. X., Wang, F. W., Zhu, G. L., et al., 2023. A Review of Forming Mechanisms and Inhomogeneous Mechanical Properties of Mélange. Journal of Engineering Geology, 31(3): 796-814 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [38] |
Zhu, D. M., Li, P. Y., Hu, X. H., et al., 2021. Stability Analysis and Prevention Countermeasures for Residual Bodies of Baige Landslide in Jinsha River. Geoscience, 35(1): 56-63 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42230715)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |