德阳‒安岳裂陷槽中段筇竹寺组沉积环境控制下的优质页岩岩相类型及分布
宁诗坦 , 唐相路 , 徐亮 , 姜振学 , 史德民 , 郑继威 , 钟可塑 , 李彦佑
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (09) : 3631 -3650.
德阳‒安岳裂陷槽中段筇竹寺组沉积环境控制下的优质页岩岩相类型及分布
Lithofacies Types and Distribution of High⁃Quality Shale Driven by Sedimentary Environments: A Case Study of the Qiongzhusi Formation Shale
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四川盆地筇竹寺组页岩的沉积受德阳‒安岳裂陷槽构造‒沉积分异控制,其岩相类型及分布与沉积环境密切相关.在前人对筇竹寺组研究的基础上,综合运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定和地球化学测试分析对裂陷槽中段筇竹寺组页岩进行岩相类型划分,并讨论了沉积环境控制下的优质页岩岩相类型及分布.结果表明:(1)裂陷槽内沉积环境具显著分异特征,槽内中心以生物成因高硅质沉积为主导,形成强还原环境双阈值边界,古生产力与水体滞留程度达峰值;槽缘则以陆源碎屑输入为主.平面上呈现“槽缘氧化‒槽内缺氧”的递变模式,纵向上表现为“底部缺氧‒中部贫氧‒上部氧化”的沉积环境变化;(2)建立了“TOC‒矿物组成‒粒度特征”耦合岩相分类体系,划分出36种岩相类型,明确裂陷槽中段发育富有机质长英质页岩(H-F-S)、富有机质混合质粉砂质页岩(H-M-SS)等16种岩相类型,系统揭示了页岩非均质性特征,为深层页岩气甜点预测提供新思路;(3)优质岩相主要为富有机质长英质页岩(H-F-S)、富有机质混合质页岩(H-M-S)、富有机质长英质粉砂质页岩(H-F-SS)、富有机质黏土质粉砂质页岩(H-A-SS)和富有机质混合质粉砂质页岩(H-M-SS),集中分布于筇竹寺组1、3、5、7小层深水陆棚相,深水贫氧‒缺氧环境促进有机质富集与保存,高含量长英质矿物提供了优质储集空间.研究成果可为四川盆地深层页岩气资源评价与开发提供关键地质依据.
The sedimentation of the Qiongzhusi Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin is controlled by the tectonic-sedimentary differentiation of the Deyang-Anyue Rift Trough. Its lithofacies types and distribution are closely related to sedimentary environments. Based on previous studies of the Qiongzhusi Formation, this research comprehensively uses core observation, thin-section identification, and geochemical testing and analysis to classify the lithofacies types of the Qiongzhusi Formation shale in the middle segment of the rift trough, and discusses the high quality shale lithofacies types and their distribution controlled by sedimentary environments. The results show that: (1) The sedimentary environment within the rift depression exhibits distinct differentiation characteristics. The central part of the depression is dominated by biogenic high-silica deposits, forming a strong reducing environment with a dual-threshold boundary, where ancient productivity and water retention reach their peak; the trough margin is dominated by terrigenous clastic input. Horizontally, it shows a gradational pattern of “oxidizing margin-anoxic trough,“ while vertically, it exhibits a cyclic evolution of ” anoxic at the bottom-dysoxic in the middle-oxidizing at the top.” (2) “TOC-mineral-grain size” coupling lithofacies classification system is established, with 36 lithofacies types divided. It is clarified that 16 lithofacies types develop in the middle segment of the rift trough, such as organic-rich felsic shale (H-F-S) and organic-rich mixed silty shale (H-M-SS), systematically revealing the heterogeneity characteristics of shale and providing new ideas for predicting deep shale gas sweet spots. (3) The high-quality lithofacies are mainly organic-rich felsic shale (H-F-S), organic-rich mixed shale (H-M-S), organic-rich felsic silty shale (H-F-SS), organic-rich argillaceous silty shale (H-A-SS), and organic-rich mixed silty shale (H-M-SS), which are concentrated in the deep-water shelf facies of the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th sub-layers of the Qiongzhusi Formation. The deep-water dysoxic-anoxic environments promote organic matter enrichment and preservation, and high felsic mineral content provides high-quality reservoir spaces. The research results provide key geological bases for the evaluation and development of deep shale gas resources in the Sichuan Basin.
四川盆地 / 德阳‒安岳裂陷槽 / 岩相类型 / 沉积环境 / 有机质富集 / 页岩气 / 石油地质.
Sichuan basin / Deyang⁃Anyue rift trough / lithofacies type / sedimentary environment / organic matter enrichment / shale gas / petroleum geology
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国家自然科学基金项目(42372144)
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