结合短时傅里叶变换与注意力的震相识别模型
A Phase Picking Model Integrating Short-Time Fourier Transform and Multi-Scale Attention
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地震震相拾取的准确性直接影响震源定位和震级估计的精度,然而传统方法对复杂地震信号的特征捕捉能力有限.提出了一种融合多尺度注意力机制和短时傅里叶变换的双分支模型(SEN),该模型通过两个分支分别捕获信号的时间特征和时频特征,并结合注意力机制实现多尺度的特征增强.实验结果表明,在100 ms的误差范围内P波震相拾取的识别精度和召回率分别达到了95.69%和88.97%,S波震相拾取的识别精度和召回率分别达到了87.98%和77.25%.P波的到时误差均值和标准差分别达到了18.76 ms和27.13 ms,S波的到时误差均值和标准差分别达到了25.97 ms和36.14 ms.同时模型的参数量仅有0.35 M,计算开销为71.38 M.与同类模型相比,SEN模型不仅在性能上取得显著提升,同时在参数量和计算开销上具有一定优势,为地震监测的实时应用提供了有力的技术支持.
Seismic phase picking is a critical task in earthquake monitoring, as its accuracy directly impacts the precision of hypocenter localization and magnitude estimation. However, traditional methods are often limited in their ability to capture the characteristics of complex seismic signals. This study proposes a dual-branch deep learning model that integrates a multi-scale attention mechanism and short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The model extracts temporal features through a time-domain branch and captures time-frequency representations via a frequency-domain branch, while leveraging the attention mechanism to enhance multi-scale features. Experimental results show that within a 100 ms error threshold, the proposed model achieves a P-wave picking precision and recall of 95.69% and 88.97%, and an S-wave precision and recall of 87.98% and 77.25%, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of arrival time error for the P-wave are 18.76 ms and 27.13 ms, while for the S-wave they are 25.97 ms and 36.14 ms. Moreover, the model contains only 0.35 M parameters and incurs a computational cost of 71.38 M FLOPs. Compared with existing models, the SEN model not only achieves competitive performance but also demonstrates advantages in model size and computational efficiency, offering great potential for real-time seismic monitoring applications.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3003804)
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