铌钽铁矿U⁃Pb年代学方法研究进展
涂家润 , 张妍 , 周红英 , 崔玉荣 , 李国占 , 吴磊 , 李志丹
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (07) : 2498 -2510.
铌钽铁矿U⁃Pb年代学方法研究进展
Progress in U⁃Pb Dating Methods of Columbite⁃Tantalite Minerals
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铌钽铁矿具有高封闭温度、高铀含量及低普通铅特征,是开展U-Pb定年的理想矿物,其同位素年代学能为稀有金属花岗岩及花岗伟晶岩成因机制研究提供关键约束.铌钽铁矿U-Pb定年方法主要包括同位素稀释‒热电离质谱法(ID-TIMS)、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)及二次离子质谱法(SIMS).系统梳理了三种定年方法的基本原理、发展脉络、技术优势及现存问题,并重点总结了近年来该方法在稀有金属矿床成矿时代厘定、成矿过程解析等领域的应用进展.由于铌钽铁矿端元成分复杂多变,且常用的微区原位测年方法(LA-ICP-MS/SIMS)普遍存在基体效应的影响,实现多期次成矿事件中铌钽铁矿U-Pb年龄的高精度、高准确度测定仍是当前技术难点及未来研究重点.
Columbite-tantalite, characterized by high closure temperature, high uranium content, and low common lead, is an ideal mineral for U-Pb dating. Its isotopic chronology provides critical constraints on the genetic mechanisms of rare-metal granites and pegmatites. The main U-Pb dating methods for columbite-tantalite include isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). This paper systematically reviews the basic principles, development history, technical advantages, and existing challenges of these three dating techniques, with a focus on summarizing recent application advancements in constraining ore-forming epochs and deciphering metallogenic processes of rare-metal deposits. The study reveals that it remains the current technical bottleneck and future research priority to achieve high-precision and accurate U-Pb age determinations for columbite-tantalite across polyphase mineralization events due to the complex and variable end-member compositions of columbite-tantalite and the pervasive matrix effects inherent in commonly used in-situ dating methods (LA-ICP-MS/SIMS). Future studies should focus on developing mineral compositional reference materials and optimizing analytical protocols to overcome these limitations.
铌钽铁矿 / U⁃Pb定年 / 基体效应 / 标样 / LA⁃ICP⁃MS / ID⁃TIMS / 高精度 / 稀有金属 / 地质年代学.
columbite-tantalite / U-Pb dating / matrix effect / reference materials / LA-ICP-MS / ID-TIMS / high precision / rare⁃metal / geochronology
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国家自然科学基金项目(42473029)
国家自然科学基金项目(42473031)
国家自然科学基金项目(42103025)
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