无监督聚类揭示阿拉斯加Great Sitkin火山喷发前地震活动演化
戴梦雪 , 祝可欣 , 裴军令 , 赵斐宇 , 徐荣荣
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (01) : 146 -159.
无监督聚类揭示阿拉斯加Great Sitkin火山喷发前地震活动演化
Unsupervised Clustering Reveals Pre⁃Eruptive Seismicity Evolution at Great Sitkin Volcano, Alaska
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火山地震活动的时空分异特征为解析岩浆迁移与喷发前兆提供了关键约束.为阐明阿拉斯加Great Sitkin火山2021年喷发前的岩浆活动机制,对该火山喷发前的连续地震波形数据开展了系统性分析,采用模版匹配和双差定位法进行地震事件检测及精定位,并基于无监督学习层次聚类算法,对构建的高精度地震目录进行火山地震活动的分类与时空演化分析.获得的地震目录事件较阿拉斯加火山观测台(AVO)官方目录提升了4倍,层次聚类将这些地震事件划分为长周期地震(LP)和火山构造地震(VT).结果显示,喷发前火山地震活动显著增强,且浅层LP事件在喷发前24 h达到活动峰值,这一现象或为关键喷发前兆信号.该火山此次喷发是由山顶火山口正下方上地壳深度的岩浆积聚和增压引发.
The spatiotemporal characteristics of volcanic seismicity provide critical constraints for deciphering magma migration processes and eruption precursors. To elucidate the magmatic activity mechanisms preceding the 2021 eruption of the Great Sitkin Volcano, Alaska, this study conducted a systematic analysis of the pre-eruptive continuous seismic waveform data from the volcano. Template matching and the double-difference relocation method were employed to detect seismic events and achieve high-precision relocation. An unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm was then applied to classify volcanic seismicity and analyze its spatiotemporal evolution based on the constructed seismic catalog. The resulted seismic catalog contains four times the number of events compared to the official Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) catalog. Hierarchical clustering successfully categorized the seismic events into long-period (LP) earthquakes and volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes. The results show that a significant intensification of volcano seismic activity was observed prior to the eruption, with shallow LP events reaching an activity peak 24 hours before the eruption, and it is possible that the phenomenon potentially represents critical eruption precursor signals. The eruption was mainly triggered by magma accumulation and pressurization at upper-crustal depths directly beneath the summit crater.
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