碳酸盐岩断裂分类分级预测:以塔里木盆地塔河油田为例
Fracture Classification-Grading Prediction Technology and Application in Carbonate Reservoir Rocks: A Case Study from Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin
,
碳酸盐岩储层作为全球油气资源的重要载体,其内部溶洞和断裂系统的发育特征直接影响油气的储集与运移能力.针对深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层中多尺度断裂预测的难题,研究以塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩为例,提出了一种基于地震波场特征分析的分类分级断裂预测技术.通过三维正演模拟揭示了规模缝洞体对常规断裂预测属性(如相干、最大似然)的干扰机制,发现缝洞体边界的“串珠状”反射异常会导致断裂假连通和归位偏差.基于断裂的尺度与溶蚀特征差异,将研究区断裂系统划分为大尺度破碎-溶蚀断裂(>20 m)、中尺度弱-未溶蚀断裂(10~20 m)和小尺度裂缝(<10 m),并分别开发了针对性的预测方法:针对大尺度断裂,提出基于梯度结构张量薄化的断裂归位技术,有效克服溶洞异常边界的干扰;针对中尺度断裂,结合AFE相干加强属性与U⁃Net深度学习算法,显著提升了断裂纵向连续性;针对小尺度裂缝,利用Likelihood属性与构造导向滤波实现弱反射信号的精准提取.进一步通过深度前馈神经网络(deep feedforward neural network,DFNN)融合多尺度断裂属性及钻井漏失数据,构建了井控多属性融合模型.应用结果表明,该技术体系在塔河油田复杂缝洞区实现了断裂系统的全尺度刻画,大尺度走滑断裂呈NNE⁃NNW向共轭分布,中尺度断裂形成花状构造,小尺度裂缝密集发育于断裂东侧主动盘.本研究为深层碳酸盐岩储层断裂预测提供了新的技术思路,对同类油气藏的勘探开发具有重要参考价值.
Carbonate reservoirs are important carriers of global oil and gas resources. The development characteristics of their internal karst caves and fault systems directly affect the storage and migration capacity of oil and gas. In order to solve the problem of multi-scale fault prediction in deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs, this study takes the Ordovician carbonate rocks in the Tahe oilfield in the Tarim basin as an example and proposes a classification and grading fault prediction technology based on seismic wave field characteristic analysis. The interference mechanism of large-scale fracture-cavity bodies on conventional fault prediction attributes (such as coherence and maximum likelihood) is revealed through three-dimensional forward simulation, and it is found that the “beaded” reflection anomaly at the boundary of the fracture-cavity body will lead to false connectivity of faults and relocation deviation. Based on the differences in the scale and dissolution characteristics of the faults, the fault system in the study area is divided into large-scale broken-dissolution faults (>20 m), medium-scale weak-undissolved faults (10-20 m) and small-scale fractures (<10 m), and targeted prediction methods are developed for each of them: for large-scale faults, a fracture retrieval technology based on gradient structural tensor thinning is proposed to effectively overcome the interference of abnormal boundaries of karst caves; for medium-scale faults, the longitudinal continuity of the faults is significantly improved by combining AFE coherent enhancement attributes with U-Net deep learning algorithm; for small-scale fractures, the Likelihood attribute and structural guidance filtering are used to accurately extract weak reflection signals. Further, a well control multi-attribute fusion model is constructed by fusing multi-scale fault attributes and drilling loss data through deep feed forward neural network (DFNN). The application results show that this technology system has achieved full-scale characterization of the fault system in the complex fracture-cave area of Tahe oilfield. Large-scale strike-slip faults are distributed in a conjugate NNE-NNW direction, medium-scale faults form flower-like structures, and small-scale fractures are densely developed on the active disk (east side) of the fault. This study provides a new technical approach for the prediction of deep carbonate reservoir faults and has important reference value for the exploration and development of similar oil and gas reservoirs.
碳酸盐岩 / 断裂分类 / 结构张量 / 地震正演 / 塔河油田 / 石油地质.
carbonate rock / fracture classification / structural tensor / seismic forward modeling / Tahe oilfield / petroleum geology
| [1] |
Benardos,P.G.,Vosniakos,G.C.,2007.Optimizing Feedforward Artificial Neural Network Architecture.Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,20(3):365-382.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2006.06.005 |
| [2] |
Bo,X.,Xu,W.L.,Chen,X.H.,et al.,2022.LP⁃PCNN Multi⁃Attribute Fusion Fracture Prediction Method Based on Local Entropy.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,61(5):821-829 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [3] |
Chen,G.,Qi,H.Y.,Yu,J.L.,et al.,2023.Application of a Multi⁃Layer Feedforward Neural Network to Predict Fracture Density in Shale Oil,Junggar Basin,China.Frontiers in Earth Science,11:1114389.https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1114389 |
| [4] |
Chen,G.F.,Shi,Y.,Yang,H.D.,et al.,2023.Fault Identification Method of Attribute Fusion Based on Seismic Optimized Frequency of Seismic Data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,66(3):1232-1243 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [5] |
Chen,J.A.,Chen,H.D.,Gong,W.,et al.,2022.Application of Comprehensive Fault Detection Technology Combining Deep Learning with Edge Enhancement in Detecting Ultra⁃Deep Strike⁃Slip Faults in Shunbei Block.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,57(6):1304-1316,1256(in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [6] |
Cui,L.J.,He,Y.B.,Wang,J.X.,et al.,2012.Application of Seismic Curvature Based on Horizon to Carbonate Fault Prediction:an Example of an Area in Tabei,Tarim Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,24(1):92-96 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [7] |
Cui,Z.W.,Cheng,B.J.,Xu,T.J.,et al.,2021.Reservoir Fracture Prediction Method and Application Based on Structure⁃Oriented Filtering and Coherent Attributes of Gradient Structure Tensor.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,56(3):555-563,413-414 in Chinese with English abstract. |
| [8] |
Feng,C.,Pan,J.G.,Li,C.,et al.,2023.Fault High⁃Resolution Recognition Method Based on Deep Neural Network.Earth Science,48(8):3044-3052 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [9] |
Han,P.Y.,Ding,W.L.,Yang,D.B.,et al.,2024.Characteristics of the S80 Strike⁃Slip Fault Zone and Its Controlling Effects on the Ordovician Reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Oil & Gas Geology,45(3):770-786 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [10] |
Hao.J.M.,Wang,X.Y.,Sun,J.F.,et al.,2019.Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Natural Fractures in the Lower⁃to⁃Middle Ordovician Carbonate Reservoirs in Tahe Area,Northern Tarim Basin.Oil & Gas Geology,40(5):1022-1030 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [11] |
He,Z.L.,Peng,S.T.,Zhang,T.,2010.Controlling Factors and Genetic Pattern of the Ordovician Reservoirs in the Tahe Area,Tarim Basin.Oil & Gas Geology,31(6):743-752 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [12] |
Huang,C.,Yun,L.,Cao,Z.C.,et al.,2022.Division and Formation Mechanism of Fault⁃Controlled Fracture⁃Vug System of the Middle⁃to⁃Lower Ordovician,Shunbei Area,Tarim Basin.Oil & Gas Geology,43(1):54-68 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [13] |
Lucia,F. J.,2007.Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: An Integrated Approach. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Press, Berlin,342. |
| [14] |
Li,F.Y.,Wang,T.,Zeng,Q.B.,et al.,2023.Application of High⁃Definition Likelihood Attributes Based on Structure Orientation in the Prediction of Deep Faults in Baiyun Sag.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,62(1):163-172 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [15] |
Li,H.L.,Pan,H.,Gao,J.H.,et al.,2024.Post⁃Stack Fracture Prediction Technique Based on Improved Phase Decomposition.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,21(5):1499-1510.https://doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxae088 |
| [16] |
Li,H.Y.,Liu,J.,Gong,W.,et al.,2020.Identification and Characterization of Strike⁃Slip Faults and Traps of Fault⁃Karst Reservoir in Shunbei Area.China Petroleum Exploration,25(3):107-120 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [17] |
Li,P.F.,Cui,D.Y.,Tian,H.N.,2017.Fault⁃Karst Carbonate Reservoir Description with GeoEast Interpretation Sub⁃System in the Tabei Area,Tarim Basin.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,52(S1):189-194,13(in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [18] |
Li,T.T.,Wang,Z.,Ma,S.Z.,et al.,2015.Summary of Seismic Attributes Fusion Method.Progress in Geophysics,30(1):378-385 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [19] |
Li,Y.Q.,Sun,Wei,H.H.,Song,S.H.,2019.Architectural Features of Fault⁃Controlled Karst Reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,181:106208. |
| [20] |
Li,Z.D.,Zhang,L.S.,Li,Y.,et al.,2017.Channel Sand Characterization Based on the Fusion of Multiple Iterative Attributes—A Case Study of Z Area of Fuyu Oil Layer in Daqing Oil Field.Progress in Geophysics,32(3):1161-1168 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [21] |
Liang,Z.Q.,2019.Poststack Seismic Prediction Techniques for Fractures of Different Scales.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,58(5):766-772 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [22] |
Liu,B.L.,Zhao,Y.G.,Zhang,Y.T.,et al.,2025.The Deformation Characteristics of the Main Strike⁃Slip Faults and the Development of Fault⁃Karst Reservoirs in the Eastern Part of the Aman Transition Zone,Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,60(2):360-377 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [23] |
Liu,J.,Ren,L.D.,Li,Z.J.,et al.,2017.Seismic Identification and Evaluation of Deep Carbonate Faults and Fractures in Shunnan Area,Tarim Basin.Oil & Gas Geology,38(4):703-710 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [24] |
Liu,Q.,Li,H.Y.,Deng,G.X.,2013.Application of Seismic Fault Detection to Carbonate Reservoir Prediction in Southern Tahe Oilfield.Oil & Gas Geology,34(2):202-206 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [25] |
Lu,Z.Q.,Wang,L.,Yang,R.Z.,et al.,2018.Coherence⁃Based Fine Characterization Technology for Fractures and Its Application to Shunbei Area.Natural Gas Exploration and Development,41(3):20-25 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [26] |
Lü,B.N.,Chen, X.H.,Qie, C.C.,et al.,2024.Integrated Characterization of Deep Karsted Carbonates in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,21:668⁃684. |
| [27] |
Ma,D.B.,Zhao,Y.M.,Zhang,Y.T.,et al.,2018.Application of Maximum Likelihood Attribute to Fault Identification:A Case Study of Rewapu Block in Halahatang Area,Tarim Basin,NW China.Natural Gas Geoscience,29(6):817-825 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [28] |
Malozyomov,B.V.,Martyushev,N.V.,Kukartsev,V.V.,et al.,2023.Overview of Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs.Energies,16(13):4907.https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134907 |
| [29] |
Ronneberger,O.,Fischer,P.,Brox,T.,2015.U⁃Net:Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation.Medical Image Computing and Computer⁃Assisted Intervention:MICCAI 2015.Springer, Berlin Heidelberg,234-241 |
| [30] |
Wang,J.,Xu,J.F.,Zhao,M.F.,et al.,2023.Prediction of Crack Width of Drilling Fluid Leakage Based on Neural Network.Coal Geology & Exploration,51(9):81-88 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [31] |
Wang,Z.,Wen,H.,Deng,G.X.,et al.,2019.Fault⁃Karst Characterization Technology in the Tahe Oilfield,China.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,58(1):149-154 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [32] |
Wang,Z.W.,Fu,L.Y.,Liu,J.,et al.,2023.Multiscale Characterization and Connectivity Analysis of 3D Seismic Attributes of Ultra⁃Deep Carbonate Conduction System in Shunbei,Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,66(1):83-94 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [33] |
Wei,T.G.,Zhang,H.,Li,F.Q.,et al.,2024.Application of Multi⁃Scale Curvature in Fault Interpretation of K Oilfield in Bohai Sea.Computerized Tomography Theory and Applications,33(6):773-780 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [34] |
Wei,X.L.,Zhang,C.X.,Kim,S.W.,et al.,2022.Seismic Fault Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks with Focal Loss.Computers & Geosciences,158:104968.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104968 |
| [35] |
Wu,X.M.,Liang,L.M.,Shi,Y.Z.,et al.,2019.FaultSeg3D:Using Synthetic Data Sets to Train an End⁃to⁃End Convolutional Neural Network for 3D Seismic Fault Segmentation.Geophysics,84(3):IM35-IM45.https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2018⁃0646.1. |
| [36] |
Wu,Z.Y.,Mo,X.W.,Liu,J.H.,et al.,2018.Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm for Classification Evaluation of Fractured Reservoirs.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,57(4):618-626 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [37] |
Xie,P.F.,Hou,J.G.,Wang,Y.,et al.,2023.Application of Multi⁃Information Fusion Modeling of Fracture⁃Vuggy Reservoir in Ordovician Reservoir of 12th Block in Tahe Oilfield.Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science),47(3):1-14 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [38] |
Xie,Q.H.,Zhao,C.D.,Rui,Z.F.,et al.,2022.An Improved Ant⁃Tracking Workflow Based on Divided⁃Frequency Data for Fracture Detection.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,19(5):1149-1162.https://doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxac075 |
| [39] |
Xue,J.,Cai,C.G.,2022.Theory and Method of Pre⁃Stack Earthquake Prediction for Fractured Reservoirs.China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan(in Chinese). |
| [40] |
Yang,D.B.,He,X.M.,Zhang,H.,et al.,2024.Intelligent Identification of Ordovician Epikarst Zones and Development Laws of Fractures and Vugs in the Main Area of Tahe Oilfield.Acta Petrolei Sinica,45(2):374-389,411(in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [41] |
Yang,D.B.,Ma,H.L.,Ren,W.B.,et al.,2024a.Fracture Identification and Characterization of Ordovician Carbonate Rock Reservoir in Block B of the Tahe Oilfield.Carbonates and Evaporites,39(2):40.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146⁃024⁃00957⁃2 |
| [42] |
Yang,J.,Lu,R.Q.,Tao,W.,et al.,2024b.MultiURNet for 3D Seismic Fault Attributes Fusion Detection Combined with PCA.Journal of Applied Geophysics,221:105296.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105296 |
| [43] |
Yang,J.,Ding,R.W.,Lin,N.T.,et al.,2022.Research Progress of Intelligent Identification of Seismic Faults Based on Deep Learning.Progress in Geophysics,37(1):298-311 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [44] |
Yang,Y.J.,Wang,X.P.,Yang,C.Q.,2013.Application of RGB Frequency Division and Color Mixing Technology in Tahe Oilfield.Xinjiang Geology,31(Suppl.1):79-81(in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [45] |
Yao,H.,Yin,H.C.,Yin,S.X.,et al.,2024.Research Progress on Risk Assessment of Floor Water Inrush.Coal Science and Technology,52(Suppl.1):183-191(in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [46] |
Yuan,F.,Shen,T.,Xie,X.S.,et al.,2021.Application of Deep Learning⁃Based Seismic Multi⁃Attribute Fusion Technology in the Detection of Water Conducting Fissure Zone.Journal of China Coal Society,46(10):3234-3244 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [47] |
Zeng,L.B.,Lyu,W.Y.,Zhang,Y.Z.,et al.,2021.The Effect of Multi⁃Scale Faults and Fractures on Oil Enrichment and Production in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs:A Case Study in the Southwestern Ordos Basin,China.Frontiers in Earth Science,9:664629.https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.664629 |
| [48] |
Zhang,C.J.,Jiang,L.,Wang,Y.,et al.,2024.Characteristics of Maze Karst Cave System in Lianglitage Formation of Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,45(5):522-532 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [49] |
Zhang,S.,Li,Y.L.,Xiao,Y.J.,et al.,2022.Research and Application of Carbonate Fracture⁃Cavity Boundary Characterization Method Based on Gradient Structure⁃Tensor.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,57(4):907-915,742(in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [50] |
Zhang,X.X.,Yu,J.J.,Li,N.Y.,et al.,2021.Multi⁃Scale Fracture Prediction and Characterization Method of a Fractured Carbonate Reservoir.Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production,11(1):191-202.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202⁃020⁃01033⁃w |
| [51] |
Zhang,Y.D.,Munnecke,A.,2016.Ordovician Stable Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy in the Tarim Basin,NW China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,458:154-175.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.09.001 |
| [52] |
Zhang,Y.T.,Chang,S.Y.,Xie,Z.,et al.,2025.Concept,Geological Model and Seismic Characterization Technique of Ultra⁃Deep “Fault Shoal Body”:A Case Study of Tarim Oilfield.Fault⁃Block Oil & Gas Field,32(1):108-117 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [53] |
Zhang,Z.L.,Yang,W.,Wang,Q.J.,et al.,2023.Hydrocarbon Transport and Migration Characteristics of Different Structural Units of Strike⁃Slip Fault System and Their Differential Control on Hydrocarbon Accumulation Patterns:A Case Study of Bituminous Vein Area in Wuerhe,Junggar Basin.Fault⁃Block Oil & Gas Field,30(3):424-433 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [54] |
Zhao,J.,Ran,Q.,Zhu,B.H.,et al.,2024.A Method for Identifying Faults Based on Well⁃Controlled Multi⁃Attribute Fusion Using a Feedforward Neural Network.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,48(4):1045-1053 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [55] |
Zou,Y.M.,Liu,D.L.,Huang,Y.,et al.,2023.Application of Post⁃Stack Multi⁃Attributes in the Description of Submerged Mountain Fault and Fracture Development.Petroleum Science Bulletin,8(6):725-737 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42172182)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |