基于广域‒编码源电磁测深的白银厂小铁山VHMS型矿床深部找矿模型构建
郭小刚 , 戴霜 , 罗维斌 , 郭伟亮 , 廖永锋 , 韩峰 , 周小红 , 王秦 , 韩盼
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11) : 4243 -4260.
基于广域‒编码源电磁测深的白银厂小铁山VHMS型矿床深部找矿模型构建
Construction of a Deep Prospecting Model for Baiyinchang Xiaotieshan VHMS⁃Type Deposit Based on Wide⁃Field Coded⁃Source Electromagnetic Sounding Method
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深边部就矿找矿是白银厂VHMS型铜多金属矿田找矿突破的关键,但传统地球物理方法受浅表电磁干扰与深部低分辨率限制.为克服上述难题,本研究创新联合广域电磁法(WFEM)与编码源电磁测深法(CSES)开展小铁山矿区深部勘查.结果表明:铁锰硅质岩和铅锌矿石电阻率低于100 Ω·m,赋矿石英角斑凝灰岩电阻率平均值约191 Ω·m,主要控矿地质体次石英角斑岩电阻率较高(平均值约1 976 Ω·m),电性差异显著.次火山岩侵入体呈树枝状高阻异常(>1 500 Ω·m),其两侧过渡带低阻异常(ρ<400 Ω·m)、矿体延深部位及顶部低阻异常为有利找矿地段.2种方法在火山岩复杂地层区联合应用可发挥协同效应,广域电磁法可有效揭示火山岩基底及深部高阻岩体电性结构,编码源电磁测深法可实现对中浅层低阻矿化带的精细刻画.结合成矿动力学机制,提出“火山机构‒热液对流‒构造活化”复合成因模型,并构建了地质‒地球物理“岩浆‒构造‒蚀变”协同找矿模型,据此圈定4处找矿靶区.为钻探工程验证提供了依据,对白银厂矿田深边部勘查及区域示范具有重要的指导意义.
Prospecting for ore bodies in the deep and peripheral zones remains pivotal for breakthroughs in the volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS)-type Cu-polymetallic ore field of the Baiyinchang district. However, conventional geophysical methods have limitations in application due to shallow electromagnetic interference and insufficient resolution at depth. To address these challenges, this study innovatively integrates the Wide-Field Electromagnetic Method (WFEM) and Coded Source Electromagnetic Sounding (CSES) for deep exploration in the Xiaotieshan mining area. The results demonstrate that the resistivity of ferromanganese siliceous rocks and lead-zinc ores is below 100 Ω·m, while the ore-hosting Quartz-keratophyre tuffs exhibit a low resistivity (mean value: 191 Ω·m). In contrast, the subquartz-keratophyre, as the main ore-controlling geological unit, shows significantly higher resistivity (mean value: 1 976 Ω·m), revealing quantifiable electrical contrasts. Subvolcanic intrusions are characterized by dendritic high-resistivity anomalies (>1 500 Ω·m), with favorable prospecting targets identified in transitional zones (<400 Ω·m), deep extensions of known ore bodies, and low-resistivity anomalies atop high-resistivity zones. The combined application of two geophysical methods in complex stratigraphic regions of volcanic rocks demonstrates synergistic effects: the wide-field electromagnetic method effectively reveals the electrical structure of volcanic basement and deep-seated high-resistivity rock masses, while the encoded-source electromagnetic sounding method enables high-precision delineation of middle-shallow low-resistivity mineralized zones. Based on integrating geophysical anomalies and metallogenic dynamics, a composite genetic model-termed “volcanic structure-hydrothermal convection-tectonic activation”-is proposed to elucidate the multi-stage mineralization processes. A geological-geophysical “magma-tectonic-alteration synergistic prospecting model” is established, delineating four prospective targets. These findings provide critical constraints for drill hole verification and offer scientific guidance for deep-peripheral exploration in the Baiyinchang ore field and regional analog studies.
白银厂小铁山 / VHMS型铜多金属矿床 / 广域电磁法 / 编码源电磁测深法 / 找矿模型 / 深部找矿 / 矿产 / 工程地质.
Xiaotieshan deposit of the Baiyinchang district / VHMS⁃type copper polymetallic deposit / wide-field electromagnetic method / coded source electromagnetic sounding method / prospecting model / deep prospecting / minerals / engineering geology
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903305)
甘肃省自然资源科技创新与应用研究项目(202406)
自然资源部黄河上游战略性矿产资源重点实验室开放课题资助项目(YSMRKF202209)
白银有色集团股份有限公司商业风险勘查项目(小铁山矿采矿权标高以下普查(第一阶段)施工项目)
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