底床失稳形成泥石流的起动临界条件实验
Experimental Study on Critical Condition of Initiation of Debris Flow in Channel by Bed Failure Model
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底床失稳模式是形成沟谷泥石流的重要起动模式,目前还没有详细的底床失稳形成泥石流的临界条件.对不同粒径、饱水密度、内摩擦角、渗透系数等泥沙堆积物被起动形成泥石流的起动模式及临界条件开展了一系列的水槽实验.发现无黏聚力的固体物源在底床失稳模式中,形成泥石流的坡度阈值随着泥沙的饱水密度、内摩擦角的增大而增大,最小阈值坡度约17o;当底床坡度大于阈值坡度时,底床失稳的饱水层厚度随坡度的增加而减小,最小饱水厚度可以为0.河流输运模式形成泥石流的径流临界流量远大于底床失稳模式形成泥石流的径流临界流量,底床失稳模式起动形成泥石流的临界流量为水槽宽度、泥沙堆积物的渗透系数和饱水深度之积.
The bed failure model is the important initiated model for debris flow in channel. However, there is no detail critical condition for bed failure model. In this paper, a series of laboratory experiments were carried out to study the initiation of debris flow by runoff in the channel. The experiments were conducted for the initiation models and critical condition with different particle size, saturated density, internal friction angle, and permeability coefficient. It was found that the slope threshold of debris flow initiation in bed failure model with no cohesion sediment increased with the increasing of sediment saturation density and internal friction. The minimum slope was about 17 degree in the experiments for the bed failure. When the bed slope is greater than the threshold slope, the thickness of the saturated layer of the bed failure decreases with the increase of the bed slope, the minimum sediment saturation thickness may be 0. The critical discharge of debris flow in fluvial transport model is much larger than that in bed failure model. The critical discharge of debris flow in bed failure model is the production of the permeability coefficient of sediment, the depth of saturated water and the width of channel.
泥石流 / 河流运输 / 底床失稳 / 临界条件 / 工程地质.
debris flow / fluvial transport / bed failure / critical discharge / engineering geology
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(U21A2032)
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