多特征空间自适应下的公路临水区地质灾害易发性评价
苏燕 , 付仲洋 , 赖晓鹤 , 陈耀鑫 , 付家源 , 林川 , 贾敏才 , 翁锴亮
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10) : 3823 -3843.
多特征空间自适应下的公路临水区地质灾害易发性评价
Geohazard Susceptibility Assessment of Riverside Highway Zones under Multiple Feature Spaces Adaptation Network
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公路临水区因邻近水体、地形陡峭及频繁人类活动,常面临滑坡等地质灾害的高风险.然而,当前基于单源域的迁移学习方法面临源域与目标域在临水区特有的水文条件(如河流密度、降雨集中度)及工程活动(如公路建设)等特征差异较大时,易引发负迁移问题,难以准确预测目标区域的地质灾害易发性.运用一种基于多特征空间自适应网络(Multiple Feature Spaces Adaptation Network,MFSAN)的多源域迁移学习框架,以福建省3个公路临水地区为例,提取9个相关环境因子(含公路密度、河流密度等临水区核心特征)建立滑坡空间数据库,将安溪县(源域1)和德化县(源域2)两个易发性模型迁移至无标签样本的尤溪县(目标域)进行预测,实现多源域跨区域滑坡易发性评价.与无迁移预测模型(Non-Transferable Learning Model,NTL)以及单源域迁移预测模型(Domain Adaptive Neural Network,DANN)进行精度比对,结果显示:(1)相比于单源域地质灾害易发性迁移模型,MFSAN模型的跨区域预测精度为0.851,其准确率提高3.61%,AUC值提高1.91%,综合评估指标OA提高了9.64%;(2)通过历史滑坡验证其落入高、极高易发性区间的滑坡频率比占比最高(79.2%);(3)MFSAN模型对临水区特有的水文-地质耦合效应捕捉能力更强,如公路3 km范围内隐患点集中现象(占比70%~83%)在预测结果中得以精准反映.可见MFSAN模型能够整合不同源域数据的空间特征和灾害发育规律,更全面捕捉区域异质性特征,为跨区域地质灾害预测提供了更优的解决方案,具备更强的泛化能力.
Riverside highway zones are prone to high risks of geohazards such as landslides due to proximity to water bodies, steep terrain, and frequent anthropogenic activities. However, current single-source domain transfer learning methods face limitations in geohazard susceptibility prediction when significant discrepancies exist between source and target domains in hydrogeological conditions (e.g., river density, rainfall intensity) and engineering disturbances (e.g., highway construction), often leading to negative transfer issues and reduced model generalizability. This study proposes a multi-source domain transfer learning framework based on a multiple feature spaces adaptation network (MFSAN). Focusing on three riverside highway zones in Fujian Province, China, nine environmental factors (including highway density and river density as core hydrogeological features) were extracted to construct a landslide spatial database. The susceptibility models from Anxi County (source domain 1) and Dehua County (source domain 2) were transferred to Youxi County (target domain) with unlabeled samples for cross-regional landslide susceptibility evaluation. Comparative analyses were conducted against non-transferable learning models (NTL) and single-source domain adaptive models (domain adaptive neural network, DANN). The results demonstrate: (1) The MFSAN model achieved a cross-regional prediction accuracy of 0.851, outperforming single-source transfer models with improvements of 3.61% in accuracy, 1.91% in AUC, and 9.64% in overall assessment metric (OA). (2) Historical landslide validation revealed that 79.2% of landslides occurred within high-to-extreme susceptibility zones predicted by MFSAN, the highest among all models. (3) MFSAN exhibited superior capability in capturing hydrogeological coupling effects unique to riverside environments. For instance, the concentration of hazard-prone sites within 3 km of highways (70%-83%) was accurately reflected in predictions. The MFSAN framework effectively integrates spatial features and disaster development patterns from multiple source domains, comprehensively capturing regional heterogeneity and providing an optimized solution for cross-regional geohazard susceptibility prediction. This approach demonstrates enhanced generalization capability and practical value for mitigating landslide risks in complex engineering environments.
地质灾害易发性 / 多特征空间自适应 / 公路临水区 / 数据缺失 / 工程地质学.
geohazard susceptibility / multi-feature spatial adaptation / riverside highway zones / data scarcity / engineering geology
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国家自然科学基金项目(42301002)
福建省水利科技项目(MSK202455)
福建省水利科技项目(MSK202524)
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