三江造山带普朗斑岩型铜金钼矿床硒碲富集规律及其资源前景评估
王雷 , 韦金花 , 欧阳荷根 , 吴练荣 , 赵晓瑜 , 杨帆 , 沃拥军 , 谢桂青
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11) : 4323 -4336.
三江造山带普朗斑岩型铜金钼矿床硒碲富集规律及其资源前景评估
Enrichment Regularities of Se and Te and Their Potential Resources in Pulang Porphyry Cu⁃Au⁃Mo Deposit, Sanjiang Orogenic Belt
,
近年来,普朗超大型斑岩铜多金属矿床(Cu⁃An⁃Mo)的硒(Se)和碲(Te)的富集现象备受关注,但资源前景与综合利用价值尚不明确.本研究采用LA-ICP-MS和ME-MS61r等方法,系统探究了该矿床Se和Te的主要载体矿物与空间分布规律,并对其资源前景进行了评估.研究发现,Se主要富集于黄铜矿和辉钼矿,Te主要寄主矿物为辉钼矿.空间分布上,主矿段硫化物的Se和Te含量显著高于东部矿段;但在单一勘探线剖面上,两者含量随深度变化无明显规律.从综合利用价值来看,铜精矿Se含量为170×10‒6~200×10‒6、钼精矿为250×10‒6,均达到伴生Se矿综合回收指标;铜精矿Te含量为3.6×10‒6~5.5×10‒6,钼精矿为16.4×10‒6(略超伴生Te矿回收标准),因矿床以铜为主的开采特点,Te综合回收价值相对有限.资源前景方面,基于已探明的5.11 Mt铜资源量估算,普朗矿床Se潜在资源量约4 440 t,达到超大型规模.
Recent years have witnessed increasing attention on the enrichment of selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) within the Pulang super-large porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit; however, their resource potential and comprehensive utilization value remain unclear. In this paper it presents a systematical investigation of the principal host minerals and spatial distribution patterns of Se and Te within the deposit, employing methods such as LA-ICP-MS and ME-MS61r, and evaluation of their resource prospects. The findings reveal that Se is primarily enriched in chalcopyrite and molybdenite, while the main host mineral for Te is molybdenite. At the spatial distribution level,the contents of Se and Te in sulfides of the main mining area are obviously higher than those in the eastern mining area on the plane, which may be related to differences in mineralization types and ore-forming temperatures. However, in a single exploration line section, the contents of Se and Te show no obvious regular changes with depth. Regarding utilization value, the analysis of Cu and Mo concentrates shows that the Se content in Cu concentrates is 170×10‒6-200×10‒6, and that in Mo concentrates reaches 250×10‒6, both meeting the recovery indexes for associated Se minerals. The Te content in Cu concentrates is 3.6×10‒6-5.5×10‒6, and that in Mo concentrates is 16.4×10‒6. Only Mo concentrates slightly exceed the recovery standard for associated Te minerals, and due to the Cu-dominated mining characteristics of the deposit, the comprehensive recovery value of Te is relatively limited. In terms of resource estimation, based on the proven Cu resource of 5.11 Mt, the potential Se resource of the Pulang deposit is calculated to be approximately 4 440 t, reaching the super-large scale.
伴生硒碲矿产 / 稀土元素 / 资源评估 / 三江造山带 / 硒碲富集规律 / 斑岩‒矽卡岩 / 矿床.
Se and Te mineralization / rare earth elements / resource assessment / Sanjiang Orogenic Belt / selenium⁃tellurium enrichment mechanism / porphyry⁃skarn / deposits
| [1] |
Auclair, G., Fouquet, Y., Bohn, M., 1987. Distribution of Selenium in High⁃Temperature Hydrothermal Sulfide Deposits at 13 Degrees North, East Pacific Rise. The Canadian Mineralogist, 25(4): 577-587. |
| [2] |
Cao, D. H., Wang, A. J., Li, W. C., et al., 2009. Magmatic Mixing of Pulang Porphyry Copper Deposit: Petrological and Element Geochemical Evidence. Acta Geologica Sinica, 83(2): 166-175 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [3] |
Cao, K., Yang, Z.M., Mavrogenes, J., et al., 2019. Geology and Genesis of the Giant Pulang Porphyry Cu⁃Au District, Yunnan, Southwest China. Economic Geology, 114(2): 275-301. https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.2019.4631 |
| [4] |
Chen, B. H., Ding, J. H., Ye, H. S., et al., 2020. Metallogenic Regularity of Selenium Ore in China. Mineral Deposits, 39(6): 1063-1077 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.16111/j.0258⁃7106.2020.06.007 |
| [5] |
Deng, J., Wang, C. M., Li, W. C., et al., 2014. The Situation and Enlightenment of the Research of the Tectonic Evolution and Metallogenesis in the Sanjiang Tethys. Earth Science Frontiers, 21(1): 52-64 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [6] |
Deng, J., Wang, Q. F., Li, G. J., 2016. Superimposed Orogeny and Composite Metallogenic System: Case Study from the Sanjiang Tethyan Belt, SW China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 32(8): 2225-2247 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [7] |
Guo, X. Z., Zhou, T. F., Wang, F. Y., et al., 2023. Distribution of Co, Se, Cd, In, Re and Other Critical Metals in Sulfide Ores from a Porphyry⁃Skarn System: A Case Study of Chengmenshan Cu Deposit, Jiangxi, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 158: 105520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105520 |
| [8] |
Han, Z. K., Chen, Z. Z., Pan, Z. S., et al., 2025. Analysis of the Supply and Demand Dynamics of Tellurium Resources in China by 2035. China Mining Magazine, 34(2): 297-305 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [9] |
Hou, Z. Q., Qu, X. M., Zhou, J. R., et al., 2001. Collision⁃Orogenic Processes of the Yidun Arc in the Sanjiang Region: Record of Granites. Acta Geologica Sinica, 75(4): 484-497 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [10] |
Hou, Z. Q., Yang, Y. Q., Qu, X. M., et al., 2004. Tectonic Evolution and Mineralization Systems of the Yidun Arc Orogen in Sanjiang Region, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 78(1): 109-120 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [11] |
Hu, D. P., Guan, S. J., Su, Y., et al., 2024. Characteristics of Ore⁃Forming Fluids and Genesis of the First Mining Area and Eastern Ore Section of the Pulang Porphyry Copper Deposit, Southeastern China: A Comparative Study. Minerals, 14(1): 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14010098 |
| [12] |
Jiang, J. C., Xu, J., Xie, G. Q., et al., 2025. Occurrence and Distribution of Se and Te in the Jilongshan Au⁃Cu Skarn Deposit from the Middle⁃Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 176: 106439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106439 |
| [13] |
John, D. A., Taylor, R. D., 2016. By⁃Products of Porphyry Copper and Molybdenum Deposits. Acta Geochimica, 36(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.5382/rev.18.07 |
| [14] |
Keith, M., Smith, D. J., Jenkin, G. R. T., et al., 2018. A Review of Te and Se Systematics in Hydrothermal Pyrite from Precious Metal Deposits: Insights into Ore⁃Forming Processes. Ore Geology Reviews, 96: 269-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.07.023 |
| [15] |
Leng, C. B., Chen, T. L., Ren, Z., et al., 2023. Distribution Characteristics and Differential Enrichment Mechanism of Rhenium in Molybdenite in the Dexing Copper Ore Field. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 39(10): 3107-3120 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [16] |
Li, W. C., Liu, X. L., 2015. The Metallogenic Regularity Related to the Tectonic and Petrographic Features of Pulang Porphyry Copper Orefield, Yunnan, and Its Ore⁃Controlling Characteristics. Earth Science Frontiers, 22(4): 53-66 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.2015.04.007 |
| [17] |
Li, W. C., Yin, G. H., Yu, H. J., et al., 2011. The Porphyry Metallogenesis of Geza Volcanic Magmatic Arc in NW Yunnan. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(9): 2541-2552 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [18] |
Li, W. C., Zhang, X. F., Yu, H. J., et al., 2022. Geology and Mineralization of the Pulang Supergiant Porphyry Copper Deposit (5.11 Mt) in Shangri⁃La, Yunnan Province, China: A Review. China Geology, 5(4): 662-695. https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2022060 |
| [19] |
Li, W. K., Yang, Z. M., Cao, K., et al., 2019. Redox⁃Controlled Generation of the Giant Porphyry Cu⁃Au Deposit at Pulang, Southwest China. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 174(2): 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410⁃019⁃1546⁃x |
| [20] |
Li, X. H., Xie, G. Q., Jian, W., et al., 2024. Distribution of Tellurium, Selenium, Cobalt and Gold in Sulfide Minerals: A Case Study of the Jiguanzui Porphyry⁃Skarn Au⁃Cu Deposit, Eastern China. Ore Geology Reviews, 175: 106318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106318 |
| [21] |
Liu, J. J., Zhai, D. G., Liu, X. H., et al., 2011. Research Status of Extraordinary Enrichment of Selenium and Tellurium in Gold Deposits. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 31(S1): 267-269 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.16461/j.cnki.1000⁃4734.2011.s1.102 |
| [22] |
Liu, J. J., Zhai, D. G., Wang, D. Z., et al., 2020. Classification and Mineralization of the Au⁃(Ag)⁃Te⁃Se Deposits. Earth Science Frontiers, 27(2): 79-98 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.3.13 |
| [23] |
Liu, J. T., Yang, L. Q., Lyu, L., 2013. Pulang Reduced Porphyry Copper Deposit in the Zhongdian Area, Southwest China: Constrains by the Mineral Assemblages and the Ore⁃Forming Fluid Compositions. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 29(11): 3914-3924 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [24] |
Liu, X. L., Li, W. C., Yin, G. H., 2012. Lead Isotope Characteristics and Tracing Significance of Ore Metallogenic Material in Geza Arc Metallogenic Belt, Yunnan. Geoscience, 26(3): 445-452 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [25] |
Maslennikov, V. V., Ayupova, N. R., Maslennikova, S. P., et al., 2017. Criteria for the Detection of Hydrothermal Ecosystem Faunas in Ores of Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Urals. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 52(3): 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1134/S002449021703004X |
| [26] |
Paton, C., Hellstrom, J., Paul, B., et al., 2011. Iolite: Freeware for the Visualisation and Processing of Mass Spectrometric Data. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 26(12): 2508-2518. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JA10172B |
| [27] |
Ren, J. B., Xu, J. F., Chen, J. L., 2011. Zircon Geochronology and Geological Implications of Ore⁃Bearing Porphyries from Zhongdian Arc. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(9): 2591-2599 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [28] |
Revan, M. K., Genç, Y., Maslennikov, V. V., et al., 2014. Mineralogy and Trace⁃Element Geochemistry of Sulfide Minerals in Hydrothermal Chimneys from the Upper⁃Cretaceous VMS Deposits of the Eastern Pontide Orogenic Belt (NE Turkey). Ore Geology Reviews, 63: 129-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.05.006 |
| [29] |
Shen, Q. W., Wang, D. Z., Leng, C. B., et al., 2023. Discovery of Telluride and Selenide in the Giant Pulang Porphyry Cu⁃Au Deposit, Yunnan Province. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 42(3): 643-646 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.15898/j.ykcs.202303180038 |
| [30] |
Tu, G. C., 2000. Preliminary Discussion on Tellurium Mineralization. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 19(4): 211-214 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [31] |
Wang, D. Z., Liang, F., Wang, Y. J., et al., 2025. Occurrence States and Enrichment Mechanisms of Low⁃Melting Point Copper⁃Philic Element and Noble Metals in Porphyry System: A Case Study of the Pulang Porphyry Cu⁃Au Deposit, Southeast Tibet. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 41(2): 621-641 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [32] |
Wang, G. Z., Liu, J. J., Liu, Z. J., et al., 2024. Types, Distribution and Resource Potential of Selenium Deposits in China. China Mining Magazine, 33(4): 39-50 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [33] |
Xia, Q. L., Li, T. F., Kang, L., et al., 2021. Study on the PTX Parameters and Fractal Characteristics of Ore⁃Forming Fluids in the East Ore Section of the Pulang Copper Deposit, Southwest China. Journal of Earth Science, 32(2): 390-407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583⁃021⁃1448⁃5 |
| [34] |
Xie, G. Q., Ji, Y. H., Wu, X. L., et al., 2025. Study on Skarn Deposit Model. Geological Bulletin of China, 44(S1): 201-219 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [35] |
Xie, G. Q., Wu, X. L., Li, X. H., et al., 2024. A Primary Study on the Current Status and Mineralization Regularities of Associated Te and Se Resources in Porphyry⁃Skarn Cu Polymetallic Deposits in the Middle⁃Lower Yangtze River Valley Metallogenic Belt, China. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 43(1): 35-48, 5 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [36] |
Xiong, Y. Y., Zhou, T. F., Fan, Y., et al., 2022. Enrichment Mechanisms and Occurrence Regularity of Critical Minerals Resources in the Yaojialing Zn Skarn Polymetallic Deposit, Tongling District, Eastern China. Ore Geology Reviews, 144: 104822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104822 |
| [37] |
Yang, Q., Ren, Y. S., Chen, S. B., et al., 2019. Geological, Geochronological, and Geochemical Insights into the Formation of the Giant Pulang Porphyry Cu (⁃Mo⁃Au) Deposit in Northwestern Yunnan Province, SW China. Minerals, 9(3): 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9030191 |
| [38] |
Yang, Z., Zhang, X. F., 2021. Multiphase Intrusion at the Giant Pulang Porphyry Cu⁃Au Deposit in Western Yunnan (Southwestern China): Comparison between Ore⁃Causative and Barren Intrusions. Mineralogy and Petrology, 115(2): 223-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710⁃020⁃00734⁃8 |
| [39] |
Yang, Z., Zhang, X. F., Yuan, Y. S., et al., 2021. Hydrothermal Evolution and Mineralization of the Pulang Porphyry Cu⁃Au Deposit in the Sanjiang Tethys, Southwest China: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and D⁃O⁃S Isotopes. Ore Geology Reviews, 139: 104430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104430 |
| [40] |
Yang, Z. M., Cooke, D. R., 2019. Porphyry Copper Deposits in China. Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication, 133-187. https://doi.org/10.5382/SP.22.05 |
| [41] |
Zeng, P. S., Li, W. C., Wang, H. P., et al., 2006. Indosinian Super⁃Large Porphyry Copper Deposit in Pulang, Yunnan Province: Petrological and Chronological Characteristics. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(4): 989-1000 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [42] |
Zhang, Y., Chen, H. Y., Cheng, J. M., et al., 2022. Pyrite Geochemistry and Its Implications on Au⁃Cu Skarn Metallogeny: An Example from the Jiguanzui Deposit, Eastern China. American Mineralogist, 107(10): 1910-1925. https://doi.org/10.2138/am⁃2022⁃8118 |
| [43] |
Zhao, X. Y., Tang, Z. C., Deng, M. G., et al., 2025. Genesis of the Pulang Polymetallic Mineralization System in Yunnan Province, China: Insights from In Situ Trace Element and S Isotope Analyses of Pyrite. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 278: 107848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107848 |
| [44] |
Zhu, Q. Q., Xie, G. Q., Gao, R., et al., 2025. Diversified Enrichment Regularity of Dispersed Elements of Chengmenshan Cu Polymetallic Deposit from Jiangxi Province. Earth Science, 50(7): 2667-2688 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [45] |
Zhu, Z. D., Li, Z. Z., Li, Z. P., et al., 2023. Geochemical Characteristics of Tectonic(Altered Rock) in the Initial Mining Area and Prospecting Prediction of Yunnan Pulang Porphyry Copper Deposit. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 47(5): 1002-1017 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.16539/j.ddgzyckx.2023.05.005 |
深地国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1001400)
云南省新一轮找矿突破战略行动科技支撑项目(2024)
国家自然科学青年基金项目(42103062)
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划集成项目(92462306)
云南省产教融合研究生联合培养基地项目(2023)
云南省博士研究生导师团队(2024)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |