白龙江流域特大滑坡灾害链发育分布特征及形成机制
王高峰 , 毕远宏 , 李浩 , 高幼龙 , 田运涛 , 陈宗良 , 李瑞冬 , 丛凯 , 樊小鹏 , 董翰川
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10) : 3885 -3904.
白龙江流域特大滑坡灾害链发育分布特征及形成机制
Developmental and Distribution Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Large-Scale Landslide Disaster Chains in Bailong River Basin
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白龙江流域夹持于东昆仑断裂和西秦岭断裂两条巨大的左旋走滑断裂之间,特殊的地质环境条件使得该区一直是我国地质灾害链最发育、成灾最严重的地区之一,防灾减灾形势极为严峻.通过资料收集、遥感解译及野外调查,构建了132处特大滑坡灾害链数据库,系统探究其发育分布特征与形成机制.研究表明:(1)滑坡体均为大型及以上,规模效应显著,1 000×10⁴~5 000×10⁴ m³范围内滑坡数量占比40.2%、总体积占比44.8%;以高位堆积层滑坡为主,24.2%具有“三段式”阻滑地形特征,发育于泥盆系、志留系软硬组合易滑结构地层滑坡总面积占比65%;(2)变形以多期次逐级后退式牵引且局部伴有拉裂-推移、渐进推移式断裂带滑坡及复合型大型堆积体滑坡为主;超60%具备远程运动机制,表现为长历时蠕滑主导的强碎屑流特征;(3)空间上表现为沿大型活动断裂带呈带状集中、沿河流水系呈线状分布的特点,54.6%发育于断裂带2 km范围内,集中在断裂错断、转折、末端及交汇部位;滑动方向多平行断裂走向,NWW-NW向、NE向断裂与水系共同控制区域分布;(4)其形成发展主要受活动断裂、含千枚岩等易滑岩层、差异性中高山峡谷地貌控制;区域性5~15 d 中长历时强降雨为主要诱发因素且具滞后性,震后1.5~5 a灾害频次与规模显著加剧.研究成果对丰富和认识青藏高原东北缘重特大滑坡灾害链形成机理,提升防灾减灾能力具有重要指导意义.
The Bailong River Basin is situated between two major left-lateral strike-slip faults: the East Kunlun Fault and the West Qinling Fault. Its unique geological setting makes it one of China’s regions most prone to and severely affected by geological disaster chains, presenting an extremely critical situation for disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on data collection, remote sensing interpretation, and field surveys, this study established a database of 132 large-scale landslide disaster chains and systematically investigated their developmental characteristics, distribution patterns, and formation mechanisms. The research findings indicate:(1) All landslide bodies are large-scale or larger, exhibiting significant scale effects. Landslides within the 1 000×10⁴ -5 000×10⁴ m³ range account for 40.2% in number and 44.8% in total volume. High-position accumulation landslides predominate, with 24.2% displaying a “three-segment” anti-sliding topography. Landslides developed in the Devonian and Silurian soft-hard interbedded strata prone to sliding constitute 65% of the total landslide area; (2) Deformation is primarily characterized by multistage retrogressive deformation (often with local tension cracking-push deformation), progressive thrust-type landslides along fracture zones, and composite large-scale accumulation landslides. Over 60% possess long-runout mechanisms, exhibiting features of high-intensity granular flows dominated by long-duration creep; (3) Spatially, the landslides exhibit a banded concentration along major active faults and linear distribution along river systems. 54.6% occur within 2 km of fracture zones, concentrated at fault offsets, bends, terminations, and intersections. Sliding directions are mostly parallel to fault strikes, with regional distribution controlled by NWW-NW trending and NE trending faults, coupled with the river network.(4) Their formation and development are primarily controlled by active faults, landslide-prone strata (including phyllite), and the differential mid-high mountain gorge topography. Regional long-duration (5-15 days) heavy rainfall is the main triggering factor, exhibiting a lag effect. The frequency and scale of disasters increased significantly 1.5 to 5 years after earthquakes. The research results provide important guidance for enhancing the understanding of the formation mechanisms of catastrophic landslide disaster chains in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and improving disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.
地质灾害链 / 滑坡灾害 / 发育分布特征 / 形成机制 / 白龙江流域 / 工程地质学.
geological disaster chain / landslide disaster / development and distribution characteristics / formation mechanism / Bailong River Basin / engineering geology
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中国地质调查局项目(DD20221747)
中国地质调查局项目(DD20251329)
2024年度甘肃省科技计划项目(联合科研基金重大项目)(24JRRA800)
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3003403)
自然资源部兰州城市地质灾害野外科学观测研究站开放基金课题(202406)
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