中非剪切背景下裂陷盆地的发育机制:以Bongor盆地为例
肖坤叶 , 张新顺 , 高彦杰 , 王林 , 杜业波 , 王利 , 高华华
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12) : 4801 -4818.
中非剪切背景下裂陷盆地的发育机制:以Bongor盆地为例
Formation Mechanism of Rift Basins in Central African Strike-Slip Tectonic Setting:A Case Study of Bongor Basin
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基于地震资料精细解析和构造物理模拟实验研究了中非剪切带Bongor盆地独特的结构构造特征及其形成演化的动力学机制.结果显示Bongor盆地整体表现为南断北超箕状断陷结构,局部发育构造转换带,沉积中心受控于边界主干断裂,现今保留明显的反转裂谷盆地特征,受早白垩世两期裂陷和晚白垩世末期-古近纪挤压反转共同控制.构造物理模拟实验证实了盆地受两期裂陷及其后反转作用的控制机制,并揭示两期裂陷伸展方向夹角为25°~45°.研究认为:早白垩世早期,南大西洋初始扩张引发的南非次板块与东北非次板块间近N⁃S向拉张,导致包括Bongor盆地在内的中非裂谷系盆地经历第一期近南北向伸展的裂陷作用;早白垩世晚期,大西洋赤道段的扩张以及特提斯洋向欧亚大陆俯冲,导致东北非地块与南非地块之间经历近NE⁃SW向的伸展作用,北西走向的Bongor经历第二期裂陷作用.研究提出了Bongor盆地形成演化的新认识,对指导下一步油气勘探具有重要意义.
Integrating detailed seismic interpretation and analogue tectonic modeling experiments, this study investigates the unique structural characteristics and the dynamic formation and evolution mechanisms of the Bongor basin in the Central African shear zone. Geophysical interpretation indicates that the Bongor Basin exhibits characteristics of a typical inverted rift basin. The current structural configuration was controlled by two phases rifting during Early Cretaceous and the compression in Late Cretaceous-Paleogene, with the primary rift-related structures are still clearly identifiable. Multi-stage analogue tectonic modeling further confirm that the formation of the Bongor basin was controlled by two early phases of rifting and subsequent inversion, with the extension directions of the two rifting stages separated by 25°-45°. Combining these results and context of regional tectonic history, a geological model of the two-phase rifting in the Bongor basin was put forward. In the early Early Cretaceous, the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean triggered near north-south stretching between the South African and the Northeast African subplate. This led to the first phase of rifting in the Central African rift system basins, including the Bongor basin. During the late Early Cretaceous, both the shift of the main Atlantic expansion toward the equatorial region and the subduction of the Tethys Ocean toward the Eurasian continent caused a nearly northeast-southwest extensional stress between the Northeast African block and the South African block. Unlike other basins parallel to the Central African rift system, the northwest-trending Bongor basin underwent a second phase of rifting. The study presents new insights into the formation and evolution of the Bongor basin, which is of great significance for guiding future oil and gas exploration.
裂陷盆地 / 剪切带 / 构造物理模拟 / 构造演化 / Bongor盆地 / 石油地质.
rift basin / shear zone / Physical analog modeling / tectonic evolution / Bongor basin / petroleum geology
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中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目(2023ZZ07)
科学研究与技术开发项目“中西非裂谷系走滑构造数值模拟及构造变形研究”(YGJ2024⁃02)
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