页岩超长段压裂模式效果评价及套变弱化机制
郝越翔 , 尹陈 , 李宜真 , 江雨濛 , 曾超 , 赵学钦 , 刘陈
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12) : 4751 -4763.
页岩超长段压裂模式效果评价及套变弱化机制
Evaluation of Fracturing Effect and Mechanism of Casing Deformation Weakening for Ultra-Long Section Fracturing
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由于长期多期复杂地质构造作用,川南页岩天然裂缝及断层极其发育,其不仅降低压裂效率,更引起套变,加大经济损失.因此,针对天然裂缝极其发育的高风险井段进行多段合并而实施超长段压裂模式,以期规避施工风险,提高压裂效果.以四川盆地威远页岩裂缝发育井为研究对象,该井全井段不同尺度的天然裂缝极其发育,预示着水力压裂承受着极大套变风险.水力压裂过程中发生套变,及时调整施工方案,将18段合并为1 168 m的超长段,针对该超长段分别进行18次压裂和暂堵.基于微地震地面大排列观测刻画裂缝活动的时空延展特征和破裂机制,结合微地震、三维地震、地质、测井开展超长段水力压裂地质工程一体化效果评估.研究表明超长段水力压裂在一定程度上可以降低高风险区域水力压裂套变风险,但高裂缝发育区亦会成为超长段压裂流体的泄流通道,造成改造不充分,因此,结合微地震响应开展超长段压裂实时分段和施工方案调整,既有利于降低套变风险,又提高压裂改造效果.
Due to the modification by ultra-long section and multi-stage complex geological tectonic processes, pre-existing fractures and faults are extremely developed in the southern Sichuan shale, which not only reduce fracturing efficiency but also cause casing deformation and increased economic losses; therefore, for high-risk well segments with extremely developed natural fractures, a multi-stage merged ultra-long stage fracturing mode is implemented to avoid fracturing risks and improve fracturing effectiveness. This study focuses on a well with highly developed fractures in the Weiyuan shale of the Sichuan basin, where pre-existing fractures of various scales are extremely developed throughout the wellbore, indicating significant casing deformation risk during hydraulic fracturing, and after actual casing deformation occurred during hydraulic fracturing, the fracturing plan was adjusted immediately by merging 18 stages into an ultra-long segment of 1 168 m, with 18 fracturing and temporary plugging operations performed on this segment. Based on large-array surface microseismic monitoring, this study characterizes the spatiotemporal propagation characteristics and focal mechanisms of fracture activities, and combined with integrated geological-engineering analysis of microseismic data, 3D seismic data, geological surveys, and logging data, clarifies the implementation effect of ultra-long stage hydraulic fracturing, demonstrating that ultra-long stage hydraulic fracturing can reduce the risk of casing deformation in high-risk areas to a certain extent, though highly fractured zones may act as leakage channels for fracturing fluids in ultra-long stages, leading to insufficient stimulation, while adjusting real-time segmentation and fracturing plans for ultra-longsection fracturing based on microseismic responses is beneficial for both reducing casing deformation risks and improving fracturing stimulation effectiveness.
页岩 / 超长段水力压裂 / 震源机制 / 套变 / 天然裂缝 / 石油地质.
shale / ultra-long section hydraulic fracturing / focal mechanism / casing deformation / pre-existing fracture / petroleum geology
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岩土力学与工程安全全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SKLGME022006)
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