基于WaveNet和全波形的地震反方位角智能估计模型
肖卓 , 莫金卫 , 张皓哲 , 黄华娟 , 张莹莹 , 徐敏
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (01) : 90 -103.
基于WaveNet和全波形的地震反方位角智能估计模型
Seismic Back-Azimuth Estimation Model Based on WaveNet and Full Waveform Data
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地震定位是地震预警和地球深部结构研究的核心,但其精度仍面临挑战.本研究基于中国大陆测震台网的三分量波形数据,采用深度学习技术,构建了单台地震反方位角估算方法,对比分析了标准卷积神经网络与WaveNet模型在P波、面波和全波形输入下的性能差异.结果显示,WaveNet结合全波形输入的表现最优,其借助扩张卷积与残差连接结构增强了对长时间序列特征的提取能力,反方位角平均偏差仅为0.04°,拟合优度(R²)达到0.99.独立测试结果表明,该模型具备良好的泛化能力,平均绝对偏差和方差相较于传统面波偏振方法分别降低了58.70%和28.21%.基于全波形输入的深度学习方法可显著提高单台定位精度,为地震预警及极端环境下的地震监测提供有效技术支撑.
Earthquake location is fundamental to both early warning systems and studies of the Earth’s deep structure, yet its accuracy remains challenging to be improved. Using three-component waveform data from the China National Seismic Network, this study develops a single-station back-azimuth estimation method based on deep learning. We compare the performance of a standard convolutional neural network with that of a WaveNet architecture under three input settings: P-wave only, surface-wave only, and full-waveform input. Results show that WaveNet combined with full-waveform input performs best, benefiting from dilated convolutions and residual connections that enhance its ability to extract long-range temporal features. The model achieves an average back-azimuth deviation of only 0.04°, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.99. Independent tests demonstrate strong generalization capability, with the mean absolute deviation and variance reduced by 58.70% and 28.21%, respectively, compared with the traditional surface-wave polarization method. The findings indicate that deep learning with full-waveform input can substantially improve single-station location accuracy, offering effective technical support for earthquake early warning and seismic monitoring in challenging environments.
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广西自然科学基金面上项目(2025GXNSFAA069152)
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广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J0183)
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