渤海超深层中生界火山岩储层发育特征及油气成藏主控因素:以渤中A构造为例
郭涛 , 张江涛 , 郝轶伟 , 王晨杰 , 王蔚 , 滑彦岐
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12) : 4617 -4634.
渤海超深层中生界火山岩储层发育特征及油气成藏主控因素:以渤中A构造为例
Development Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Oil and Gas Reservoirs in Ultra Deep Mesozoic Volcanic Reservoirs in Bohai Sea:Taking Bozhong A Structure as an Example
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渤海海域广泛发育中生界火山岩,但如何寻找规模型火山岩油气藏,一直以来是渤海深层潜山油气勘探的热点和难点.为了明确规模成藏的主控因素,以渤海海域新近获得重大勘探突破的渤中A构造中生界火山岩为研究靶区,利用钻测井资料、壁心及薄片观察、岩石地球化学等分析测试资料,结合三维地震,分析了中生界火山岩岩性岩相、火山机构类型、储集空间特征及油气成藏主控因素.研究表明,渤中A构造自下而上发育基性、中性和酸性3个火山岩旋回,其中晚期旋回由多个大中型酸性熔岩火山机构叠置构成,主要发育溢流相气孔流纹岩和块状流纹岩以及火山通道相的流纹质隐爆角砾岩等3大类岩性,具备发育优质火山岩储层的岩性岩相基础;火山岩原生孔隙占比较低,强构造活动和多类流体溶蚀等后期次生改造作用控制发育大量构造裂缝及溶蚀孔缝,储层垂向分为表层风化溶蚀带和内幕裂缝溶蚀带双层储层结构,整体为高孔渗的规模性优质缝溶体;高孔渗酸性火山岩缝溶体、古隆起背斜圈闭、紧邻渤中富烃洼陷、上覆厚层超压泥岩与晚期弱构造活动等有利要素是渤中A构造规模性油气成藏的关键条件.在以上研究的基础上,综合建立了研究区超深层规模型中生界火山岩油气成藏模式,可为渤海海域及其他相似地区火山岩油气勘探提供指导.
Mesozoic volcanic rocks are widely developed in the Bohai Bay basin. However, the exploration of large-scale volcanic hydrocarbon reservoirs has remained a persistent challenge in deep buried-hill plays in the Bohai area. To investigate the primary controls on substantial hydrocarbon accumulation, this study focuses on the Bohai A Mesozoic volcanic rocks, which have recently achieved significant exploration breakthroughs in the Bohai Sea area, as the research target area. drilling and logging data, sidewall core and thin-section observations, petrochemical analyses combined with 3D seismic,it characterizes the lithology-facies associations, volcanic edifice types, reservoir space characteristics, and key factors governing hydrocarbon accumulation. Research has shown that the BZ-A structure develops three volcanic rock cycles from base to top:basic, intermediate, and acidic. The late stage acidic volcanic rock cycle is composed of multiple large and medium-sized acidic lava volcanic structures stacked together, and is a thick and stable distribution of rhyolite. It mainly develops three types of rock types:effusive facies including vesicular and massive rhyolites, and volcanic conduit facies represented by rhyolitic cryptoexplosive breccia, which have the lithological and lithological basis for developing high-quality volcanic rock reservoirs. Although primary porosity is limited, extensive secondary modification-driven by intense tectonic activity and multi-phase fluid dissolution—has developed abundant structural fractures and dissolution pores/fissures.. The reservoir is vertically divided into a surface weathering dissolution zone and an inner crack dissolution zone with a double-layer reservoir structure, and the overall structure is a large-scale high-quality fracture solution with high porosity and permeability. The favorable factors for oil and gas accumulation in BZ-A include high porosity and permeability acidic volcanic rock fracture solution bodies, ancient uplifted anticline traps, proximity to the Bozhong hydrocarbon rich depression, overlying thick layer overpressure mudstone, and late stage weak tectonic activity. Based on these findings, a comprehensive hydrocarbon accumulation model for ultra deep, large-scale Mesozoic volcanic reservoirs is established, which offers valuable insights for volcanic hydrocarbon exploration in the Bohai Bay basin and analogous settings worldwide.
渤海海域 / 渤中A构造 / 火山岩 / 规模型储层 / 成藏主控因素 / 石油地质.
Bohai Sea area / Bozhong A structure / lava / large-scale reservoirs / main controlling factor of reservoir formation / petroleum geology
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“十五·五”国家科技重大专项子课题(2025ZD1402803)
国家自然科学基金重点支持项目(U24B2017)
中国海洋石油科研平台建设项目(KJPT⁃2022⁃002)
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