挥发分对稀土成矿的意义——以山东微山和薛庄碱性岩体为例
曾曦 , 范宏瑞 , 邹心宇 , 朱昱升 , 黄永树 , 兰君 , 李晓春
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (02) : 462 -476.
挥发分对稀土成矿的意义——以山东微山和薛庄碱性岩体为例
Significance of Volatiles for Rare⁃Earth Mineralization: Insights from the Weishan and Xuezhuang Alkaline(⁃Carbonatite) Complexes, Shandong Province
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碱性岩-碳酸岩杂岩体贡献了全球逾半稀土资源,其源区性质与岩浆演化过程可导致成矿差异,但具体控制因素仍不清楚.选取华北克拉通东南缘同时代且相邻的微山(成矿)与薛庄(不成矿)碱性岩(-碳酸岩)体,对比其岩相学特征,全岩与长石、磷灰石的化学组成,以及Sr⁃Nd同位素特征.微山与薛庄正长岩的(87Sr/86Sr) t 为0.707 297~0.709 173;εNd(t)均约为8.4,指示共同源于富集岩石圈地幔. 微山岩体更富萤石、重晶石、磷灰石、方解石等挥发分矿物,其正长岩中CaO、P2O5含量更低,而 Sr、Ba、Th、U 等流体活动元素更高;微山长石更贫 Ca,磷石 F 含量亦更高.微山和薛庄岩体虽源区一致,但微山更高的挥发份促进了更高程度的岩浆演化,进而促成稀土成矿.
Alkaline⁃carbonatite complexes host more than half of the world’s rare⁃earth element (REE) resources. However, the key factors controlling REE fertility remain uncertain. In this study,we present petrography, whole⁃rock geochemistry, feldspar and apatite compositions, and Sr⁃Nd isotopes for the coeval Weishan and Xuezhuang alkaline (⁃carbonatite) complexes along the southeastern margin of the North China Craton. The Weishan complex is REE⁃mineralized, whereas the Xuezhuang complex is barren. Syenites from the two complexes show similar isotopic compositions, with (87Sr/86Sr) t = 0.707 297~0.709 173 and εNd(t)~+8.4, suggesting derivation from a common enriched lithospheric mantle source. In contrast, the Weishan complex contains more volatile-bearing minerals (fluorite, barite, apatite, and calcite) and displays distinct geochemical features, including lower CaO and P2O5 contents but higher Sr, Ba, Th, and U relative to Xuezhuang. Feldspar from Weishan shows lower Ca contents (lower anorthite component), and apatite has higher F contents. These mineralogical and geochemical differences indicate a higher volatile budget in the Weishan magma system, which promoted more advanced magmatic differentiation and ultimately facilitated REE mineralization.
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国家自然科学基金面上项目《越南西北部新生代含矿与不含矿碱性岩-碳酸岩杂岩体对比研究:对稀土成矿关键控制因素的启示》(42072092)
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