深部矿产三维智能预测理论、方法与挑战
Intelligent 3D Prediction of Deep Mineral Resources: Theory, Methods, and Challenges
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矿产资源是国家经济安全与工业化发展的关键保障.随着浅部资源的日益枯竭,在矿山深部寻找可接替资源已成为保障资源安全的必然选择.然而,深部找矿面临位置深、直接信息少、间接信息弱等问题,亟须突破矿床深部结构不清、深部控矿规律隐蔽、深部矿体空间定位难度大等关键技术难题,传统矿产资源定量预测方法难以满足深部矿体三维空间精准定位需求.为此,本文系统阐述了深部矿产三维智能预测理论与方法及其挑战.该理论与方法以成矿系统和数据科学理论为指导,初步突破了“矿床深部三维结构重建的地质‒地球物理‒地球化学约束”、“矿床深部三维结构对矿化空间定位的控制机制”两大关键科学问题,形成了“地质解析‒精细建模‒三维分析‒智能预测”方法框架,建立了以矿床深部结构三维精细重建、深部结构几何‒物质分析、深部矿体三维定位智能预测为核心的理论方法与技术体系.其核心技术包括:(1)基于多源异构数据同化与贝叶斯推断的矿床深部三维结构精细重建;(2)融合多级构造样式与成矿过程模拟的三维结构几何‒物质成矿信息智能提取;(3)应用深度神经网络、域自适应及多模态学习等人工智能技术的深部矿体三维智能定位预测.这一理论方法初步实现了深部结构重建的自动化、控矿规律表征的定量化与矿体定位预测的智能化,并在我国胶东、金川等重要矿集区/矿区的深部找矿实践中取得显著成效.本文最后从深部三维结构精细建模多源数据同化、空间结构‒成矿物质耦合成矿信息表征、大语言模型驱动深部矿体三维定位预测等视角探讨了深部矿产三维智能预测的未来挑战与发展方向,以期进一步促进深部找矿预测的深度智能化发展.
Mineral resources are vital for national economic security and industrial development. As shallow resources become increasingly depleted, the exploration of alternative resources in the deeper parts of mines has become an inevitable option to ensure resource security. However, deep mineral prospectivity mapping faces significant challenges, including great depths, limited direct observations, and weak indirect information. There is an urgent need to overcome key technical challenges, including unclear deep ore deposit structures, obscured deep ore-controlling patterns, and significant difficulties in spatial positioning of deep ore bodies, whereas it is very difficult for traditional quantitative prediction methods for mineral resources to meet the demand for precise 3D spatial positioning of deep resources. To address these issues, this paper proposes novel theories and methods of 3D intelligent prediction of deep mineral deposits. Guided by the metallogenic system theories and data science, these theories and methods have preliminarily broken through two key scientific issues: “geological-geophysical-geochemical constraints on the 3D reconstruction of deep ore deposit structures” and “the controlling mechanism of deep 3D ore deposit structures on the spatial positioning of mineralization”. It has established a methodological framework of “geological analysis - refined modeling-3D analysis-intelligent prediction”, and innovatively developed a theoretical, methodological, and technical system centered on the 3D refined reconstruction of deep deposit structures, 3D geometric-material analysis of ore-forming space, and intelligent 3D positioning prediction of deep ore bodies. The core technologies include: (1) refined 3D reconstruction of deep deposit structures based on multi-source heterogeneous data assimilation and Bayesian inference; (2) intelligent extraction of 3D spatial geometric and material mineralization information using coupled simulation of multi-level structural styles and metallogenic processes; (3) intelligent 3D positioning prediction of deep ore bodies applying artificial intelligence techniques such as deep neural networks, domain adaptation, and multi-modal learning. The automation of refined deep structure reconstruction, the quantification of deep ore-controlling patterns representation, and the intellectualization of orebody positioning prediction have been realized, and significant breakthroughs have been achieved in deep ore prospecting in major mineral concentration areas in China, such as the Jiaodong Peninsula and the Jinchuan. Finally, this paper discusses the future challenges and development directions of 3D intelligent prediction of deep mineral resources from the perspectives of multi-source data assimilation for refined 3D modeling of deep structures, characterization of mineralization information based on the coupling of spatial structure and metallogenic materials, and large language model-driven 3D positioning prediction of deep ore bodies, aiming to further promote the development of in-depth intellectualization of deep mineral prospectivity mapping.
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国家自然科学基金项目(42030809)
国家自然科学基金项目(42472363)
国家自然科学基金项目(42272344)
国家自然科学基金项目(41972309)
国家科技重大专项课题(2024ZD1001904)
湖南省科技创新计划项目(2021RC4055)
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