亚洲地区晚侏罗至早白垩世陆地脊椎动物生态功能多样性演化
喻宇宸 , 黄元耕 , 冯学谦 , 王向东 , 赵赫 , 郭镇 , 李子珩 , 黄鑫月 , 曹田靖 , 辛佰仑 , 陈中强
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (02) : 767 -778.
亚洲地区晚侏罗至早白垩世陆地脊椎动物生态功能多样性演化
Evolution of Functional Diversity in Terrestrial Vertebrates from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in Asia
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在侏罗纪-白垩纪转折期,全球生态系统经历显著重组,约20%的海洋生物灭绝,陆地上鳄形目、翼龙及四足动物多样性锐减,体型较大的类群受影响尤甚. 然而,该时期陆地生态多样性的演化仍缺乏系统约束. 亚洲地区保存连续的晚侏罗世至早白垩世地层,脊椎动物化石丰富,为重建该转折期陆地生态演化提供理想材料. 收集亚洲脊椎动物出现记录,结合生活习性、食性与体型信息建立生态分类体系,并通过体型量化与重采样校正采样偏差. 结果显示,大型蜥臀目恐龙(下降50%~80%)、龟类(40%~50%)和哺乳动物(60%~70%)多样性显著下降,而淡水鱼类及部分爬行动物受影响较小. 生态空间分析表明,该转折期亚洲陆地生态系统在物种多样性与功能结构上均发生显著调整. 此外,相关性分析表明植被更替促进了水生类群多样性上升,而气候变暖与干旱化趋势对陆生类群多样性产生明显抑制作用.
During the Jurassic⁃Cretaceous (J⁃K) transition, global ecosystems underwent profound changes. Studies on biodiversity during this period indicate that approximately 20% of marine species went extinct in shallow⁃sea environments, while on land, crocodyliform diversity declined by 55%⁃75%, and tetrapods and pterosaurs experienced a 75%⁃80% reduction in diversity. Overall, larger⁃bodied taxa were disproportionately affected. However, the evolutionary trajectory of terrestrial ecological diversity during this pivotal transition remains poorly constrained.In Asia, stratigraphic successions spanning the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous are well developed and have yielded abundant vertebrate fossils, making the region a key area for reconstructing the evolutionary history of terrestrial ecological diversity across the J⁃K transition. In this study, we compiled occurrence data of vertebrate fossils from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Asia and integrated species-level ecological traits for analysis. Ecological classification was established based on habitat, diet, and body size, with body size data measured to refine trait differentiation. Resampling methods were applied to correct for sampling bias and uneven sample sizes.The results show that large⁃bodied saurischian dinosaurs (by approximately 50%⁃80%), turtles (about 40%⁃50%), and mammals (about 60%⁃70%) experienced marked declines in diversity across the J⁃K boundary, whereas freshwater fishes and some other reptilian groups were less affected. Analyses of ecospace structure reveal substantial adjustments in both species diversity and functional structure within Asian terrestrial ecosystems during the J⁃K transition. Furthermore, responses to environmental factors varied markedly among clades: overall, vegetation changes appear to have promoted increases in aquatic diversity, whereas climatic warming and increasing aridity exerted strong suppressive effects on the diversity of terrestrial groups.
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