基于LightGBM⁃SVM堆叠算法的强震动记录尖刺波形识别
Spike Waveform Recognition for Strong⁃Motion Records Based on LightGBM⁃SVM Stacking Algorithm
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强震动记录中的尖刺是一种常见异常波形,其产生机理尚不清晰,需积累大量数据深入研究,因此尖刺识别具有重要意义.提出了一种基于波形比例尺自适应预处理方法,用于提取并强化幅值变化特征,结合时间尺度判别标准,降低幅值差异对人工标注的影响.同时提出了一种特征表征方法,将一维数据按采样点幅值的累积分布归一化为特征向量,以表征强震动记录的空间分布特征.对类别极不平衡数据集,训练多种机器学习模型,并对误识别情况进行分析.进一步采用贝叶斯优化的LightGBM-SVM堆叠算法实现尖刺波形识别,测试集马修斯相关系数(MCC)超过86%.结果表明,所提尖刺判别标准具有稳定性与普适性,可作为数据质量评估辅助工具,并为尖刺波形机理研究提供技术支撑.
Spike in strong-motion record is a common type of abnormal waveform. However, their generation mechanism remains unclear and requires the accumulation of large datasets for further study, making spike identification highly significant. This study proposes a preprocessing method based on adaptive waveform scaling to extract and enhance amplitude variation features, combined with time-scale discrimination criteria, thereby reducing the impact of amplitude differences on manual annotation accuracy. In addition, a novel feature representation approach is introduced, in which one-dimensional data are transformed into feature vectors by normalizing the cumulative distribution of sampling amplitudes, enabling the spatial distribution characteristics of strong-motion records to be represented. Using a highly imbalanced dataset, multiple machine learning models were trained, and cases of misclassification were analyzed. Furthermore, LightGBM-SVM stacking algorithm optimized with Bayesian optimization is adopted to achieve the recognition of spike waveforms, achieving a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) exceeding 86% on the test set. The results show that the proposed spike discrimination criterion achieved satisfactory performance, confirming its stability and generalizability. The method can serve as an auxiliary tool for spike waveform screening in data quality assessment and provide technical support for further investigations into the generation mechanism of spike waveforms.
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中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项(2025B02)
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