一种新的基于地震波形指纹的特定地区核爆炸事件快速检测方法
弓妮 , 商杰 , 唐伟 , 刘哲函 , 王海军 , 黄立洪 , 韩守诚 , 江宇
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (01) : 130 -145.
一种新的基于地震波形指纹的特定地区核爆炸事件快速检测方法
A Novel Method of Detecting Underground Nuclear Explosion at Specific Site Based on Seismic Waveform Fingerprint
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核爆炸监测是禁核试核查的关键技术.为监测全球可能发生的核试验,全面禁止核试验条约规定了一套严格的核查机制.其中国际监测系统(International Monitoring System, IMS)的波形数据实时传输至国际数据中心(International Data Centre, IDC)进行处理和分析,分别在大约1 h、4 h和6 h给出三个不同阶段的自动处理结果.对于特定地区的核爆监测,直接依赖IDC结果存在响应滞后和误检率高的问题.本文提出了一种基于地震波形指纹的快速检测方法Seisprint.该方法借鉴音频指纹识别思想,将历史核爆波形作为模板,利用滑动窗口与特征提取将连续波形压缩为多个二进制指纹,通过快速相似性匹配与聚类实现核爆事件自动检测并实时报警.采用朝鲜周边两个IMS地震台站和我国东北地区4个地震台站记录的朝鲜6次地下核试验以及历史天然地震事件数据对Seisprint进行测试.Seisprint生成的指纹可以有效区分核爆与非核爆信号,且具有较强的抗噪性;可在数分钟内完成多个地震台站24小时连续波形数据的处理,实现核爆事件的快速准确检出.结果表明,Seisprint可提高特定地区核爆事件监测的时效性和准确性.
Nuclear explosion monitoring is a critical technology for nuclear test ban verification. In order to monitor potential nuclear tests worldwide, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) establishes a rigorous verification regime. Within this framework, waveform data from the International Monitoring System (IMS) are transmitted in real time to the International Data Centre (IDC) for processing and analyzing. The IDC delivers automated processing results at three stages: approximately 1 h, 4 h and 6 h after data acquisition. For region-specific nuclear explosion monitoring, direct reliance on IDC results faces challenges of delayed response and high false detection rates. To address these limitations, we propose Seisprint, a rapid detection method based on seismic waveform fingerprints. Inspired by audio fingerprinting techniques, Seisprint utilizes historical nuclear explosion waveforms as templates. Continuous seismic waveforms are compressed into multiple binary fingerprints through sliding-window feature extraction. Automated nuclear event detection and real-time alerts are achieved via rapid similarity matching and clustering. The method was tested using data from two IMS seismic stations near North Korea and four seismic stations in Northeast China, covering six historical underground nuclear tests and natural seismic events in North Korea. The fingerprints generated by Seisprint effectively distinguish nuclear explosions from non-nuclear signals and demonstrate strong robustness against noise. The method processes an entire day of continuous data from multiple seismic stations within just a few minutes, enabling rapid detection of underground nuclear explosion events. Results confirm that Seisprint promote the timeliness and accuracy of underground nuclear explosion detection in specific area.
附件见https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2025.234.
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