祁连山西端大雪山北山断裂晚第四纪构造变形特征
萧千皓 , 袁道阳 , 文亚猛 , 于锦超 , 陈艳文 , 孙浩
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (01) : 329 -344.
祁连山西端大雪山北山断裂晚第四纪构造变形特征
Late Quaternary Tectonic Deformation Characteristics of Daxue Shan Bei Shan Fault in the Western Qilian Mountains
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位于青藏高原北部边缘、祁连山西端的石包城‒昌马盆地内部及其边缘活动构造众多,构造活动强烈,其中的石包城-鹰嘴山断裂作为盆地内部一条规模最大的逆断裂‒褶皱带,构造变形样式复杂,断错地貌清晰.基于高精度无人机SfM(Structure-from-Motion)摄影测量,结合野外实地调查对断错地貌的精细解译,分析了石包城‒鹰嘴山断裂东段的大雪山北山断裂段的最新活动特征、构造变形样式,并利用宇宙成因核素方法对关键断错地貌面定年,进而通过对多级阶地的变形方式和变形量分析及相应的地貌面年龄,计算其晚第四纪变形速率.结果表明:大雪山北山断裂由两排断裂组成,其中前缘断裂的逆冲作用在盆地内部形成了多条逆断裂‒褶皱带,而后缘断裂则发育与褶皱作用相关的弯矩正断层,构成典型的逆断裂‒断弯褶皱组合形态.断裂活动使得前缘断裂(鲁家埃段)穿过的T3和T4阶地分别产生了(6.56±0.34) m和(16.09±1.13) m的垂直位移量,结合阶地年龄计算得到该段断裂晚第四纪的垂直滑动速率约为(0.15±0.01) mm/a,水平缩短速率约为(0.12±0.02) mm/a,断裂总体逆冲速率约为(0.19±0.03) mm/a.其深部滑脱面向南延伸至野马河‒大雪山主断裂约深(2.7±0.5) km处,构成一典型的薄皮状逆断裂‒褶皱变形带,这一结构样式为该断裂系向盆地内部前展式挤压扩展的结果.
Located at the northern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the western end of the Qilian Mountains, the Shibaocheng-Changma Basin and its surrounding areas are characterized by numerous active tectonic features and intense tectonic activity. Among these, the Shibaocheng-Yingzuishan Fault Zone, as the largest reverse fault-fold belt in the basin, exhibits complex tectonic deformation patterns and distinct fault dislocation landforms. This region is an ideal area for studying basin-mountain tectonic deformation and its deep-shallow tectonic relationships, as well as for understanding the tectonic conversion relationships between different faults and crustal shortening patterns. This study employs high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques, combined with field survey results, to conduct a detailed interpretation of faulted landforms. It analyzes the latest activity characteristics and tectonic deformation patterns of the Daxue Shan Bei Shan Fault within the eastern segment of the Yingzuishan Fault. It also employs cosmogenic nuclide dating methods to age-date key faulted landforms, and further calculates the Late Quaternary deformation rates through analyses of the deformation patterns and deformation amounts of multi-level terraces and their corresponding landform surfaces. The research results indicate that the Daxue Shan Bei Shan Fault consists of two rows of faults. The thrusting action of the front-edge fault has formed multiple reverse fault-fold belts within the basin, while the rear-edge fault has developed bend-moment normal faults associated with fold, forming a typical reverse fault-normal fold combination. Fault activity caused the front-edge fault (Lujiaai segment) terraces T3 and T4 to experience vertical displacements of (6.56±0.34) m and (16.09±1.13) m, respectively. Based on terrace age calculations, the vertical slip rate of this fault segment is approximately (0.15±0.01) mm/a,with a horizontal shortening rate of approximately (0.12±0.02) mm/a and the overall thrust rate is approximately (0.19±0.03) mm/a. The deep slip surface extends southward to Daxue Shan Fault at a depth of approximately (2.7±0.5) km, forming a typical thin-skinned reverse fault-fold deformation zone, which is the result of the fault system’s forward-extending compression and expansion into the basin interior.
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第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk1305)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0901)
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