江苏淮安盐矿区地震活动智能监测及其分布特征
刘巧霞 , 田晓峰 , 王清东 , 程佳 , 徐志萍 , 赵延娜 , 王宏伟
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (01) : 160 -172.
江苏淮安盐矿区地震活动智能监测及其分布特征
Intelligent Monitoring and Distribution Characteristics of Seismic Activity in Huai’an Salt Mining Area, Jiangsu Province
,
淮安地区2021年小震活动短期内显著增强,为解答该地区地震活动与盐矿开采的关系,覆盖盐矿区加密布设了由54个短周期地震仪组成的台阵,开展了为期一年的地震观测.利用深度学习地震自动检测方法,并经绝对和相对重新定位后,构建的矿区高分辨地震目录,极大提升了矿区微小地震位置尤其是震源深度的定位精准性,有效提升了对小尺度盐矿区地震活动的监测能力.结合该区工业生产背景和地质情况,得出以下主要认识:矿区以微震活动为主,在空间上呈两个震群分布,1号震群位于盐井下方,震源深度上明显浅于2号震群;2号震群位于距盐井数公里的地表涌水区,时间上滞后于1号震群约8个月.据分析判断,1号震群可能与开采活动直接相关,而2号震群可能与流体扩散引起的局部断层活化有关.该研究表明,基于覆盖矿区、密集布设的台阵和智能检测技术,可极大提升对盐矿区微小地震活动分布特征及发震机理的认识,为盐矿区优化生产管控方案提供关键依据.
In 2021, the small earthquake activity significantly increased in the short term. To investigate the relationship between seismic activity and salt mining in the region, it deployed a dense array of 54 short period seismographs in the salt mining area and carried out a one-year microseismic monitoring. The high-resolution earthquake catalog for mining areas, constructed using deep learning earthquake automatic detection methods and absolute and relative repositioning, greatly improves the accuracy of locating the epicenter position, especially the depth of the earthquake source, of small earthquakes in mining areas, effectively enhancing the monitoring ability of seismic activity in small-scale salt mining areas. Combined with the industrial production background and geological conditions of the area, the following main understandings are obtained. The mining area is mainly characterized by microseismic activity, which is distributed in two independent earthquake clusters in space. The cluster 1 is located below the salt well, with a significantly shallower depth of the earthquake source than the cluster 2. The cluster 2 is located in the surface water inflow area that several kilometers far from the salt well, and lags behind the cluster 1 by about 8 months in time. After analysis, it is possible that the cluster 1 is directly related to mining activities, while the cluster 2 may be related to local fault activation caused by fluid diffusion. This study indicates that based on dense array covering mining areas and intelligent detection technology, the understanding of the distribution characteristics and seismic mechanisms of small earthquakes in salt mining areas can be greatly improved, which can provide key basis for optimizing production control plans.
| [1] |
Billings, S. D., 1994. Simulated Annealing for Earthquake Location.Geophysical Journal International, 118(3): 680-692. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365⁃246x.1994.tb03993.x |
| [2] |
Chen, C. F., Zhang, R. Q., Qiang, Z. Y., 2023. High⁃ Precision Seismic Relocation and Three⁃Dimensional Shallow Crustal Structure in the Southern Sichuan Basin.Tectonophysics, 862: 229933.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2023.229933 |
| [3] |
Chen, J., Fu, D. J., 2015. Distribution Characteristics and Exploitation Strategy for Salt Mine in QF Mining Area of Hongze Sag. China Well and Rock Salt, 46(1): 21-23 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [4] |
Chen, J., Qiu, Z. Y., Liu, J. B., et al., 2016.About Monitoring Ability of Huaian Digital Seismic Network.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, 37(1): 70-75 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [5] |
Duan, Y. H., Liu, B. J., Zhao, J. R., et al., 2015.2⁃D P⁃Wave Velocity Structure of Lithosphere in the North China Tectonic Zone: Constraints from the Yancheng⁃Baotou Deep Seismic Profile. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 45(8): 1183-1197 (in Chinese). |
| [6] |
Ellsworth, W. L., 2013. Injection⁃Induced Earthquakes.Science, 341(6142): 1225942. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1225942 |
| [7] |
Eyre, T. S., Eaton, D. W., Garagash, D. I., et al., 2019.The Role of A Seismic Slip in Hydraulic Fracturing⁃ Induced Seismicity. Science Advances, 5(8): eaav7172. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7172 |
| [8] |
Gutenberg, B., Richter, C. F., 1944. Frequency of Earthquakes in California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 34(4): 185-188. https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0340040185 |
| [9] |
Hardebeck, J. L., Shearer, P. M., 2002. A New Method for Determining First⁃Motion Focal Mechanisms. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92(6): 2264-2276. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010200 |
| [10] |
Huang, Q. H., 2008. Seismicity Changes Prior to the Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan, China.Geophysical Research Letters, 35(23):2008GL036270. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl036270 |
| [11] |
Jiang, C., Lü, Z. Y., Fang, L. H., 2024. Earthquake Detection Model Trained on Velocity and Acceleration Records and Its Application in Xinfengjiang Reservoir. Earth Science, 49(2): 469-479 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [12] |
Lei, X. L., Wang, Z. W., Su, J. R., 2019. Possible Link between Long⁃Term and Short⁃Term Water Injections and Earthquakes in Salt Mine and Shale Gas Site in Changning, South Sichuan Basin, China. Earth and Planetary Physics, 3(6): 510-525. https://doi.org/10.26464/epp2019052 |
| [13] |
Ross, Z. E., Meier, M. A., Hauksson, E., 2018. P Wave Arrival Picking and First⁃Motion Polarity Determination with Deep Learning.Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123(6): 5120-5129. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jb015251 |
| [14] |
Rydelek, P. A., Sacks, I. S., 1989. Testing the Completeness of Earthquake Catalogues and the Hypothesis of Self⁃Similarity.Nature, 337(6204): 251-253. https://doi.org/10.1038/337251a0 |
| [15] |
Schultz, R., Skoumal, R. J., Brudzinski, M. R., et al., 2020.Hydraulic Fracturing⁃Induced Seismicity.Reviews of Geophysics, 58(3): e2019RG000695. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019rg000695 |
| [16] |
Shu, F. M., 2004. Sedimentary Characteristics and Origin of Salt Rock of Member 4 of Funing Formation in Zhaoji Subsag of Hongze Sag.Geology of Anhui, 14(2): 81-85 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [17] |
Si, X., Wu, X. M., Li, Z. F., et al., 2024. An All⁃in⁃One Seismic Phase Picking, Location, and Association Network for Multi⁃Task Multi⁃Station Earthquake Monitoring. Communications Earth & Environment, 5: 22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247⁃023⁃01188⁃4 |
| [18] |
Waldhauser, F., Ellsworth, W. L., 2000. A Double⁃ Difference Earthquake Location Algorithm: Method and Application to the Northern Hayward Fault, California. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90(6): 1353-1368. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000006 |
| [19] |
Wang, H. W., Tian, X. F., Liu, Q. X., et al., 2025. Sedimentary Structure Characteristics and Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Zhaoji Salt Mine Derived from Dense Array Ambient Noise Tomography. Journal of Earth Science, 36(5): 2094-2108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583⁃024⁃0050⁃z |
| [20] |
Wang, Y. S., Hu, X. Z., 2019. Analysis and Management of Water Surge in the Zhaoji Rock Salt Mine, Huai’an. Journal of Geology, 43(4): 690-695 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [21] |
Wang, Z. W., Wang, X. L., Ma, S. L., et al., 2018. Detailed Temporal⁃Spatial Distribution of Induced Earthquakes by Water Injection in Rongchang, Chongqing.Seismology and Geology, 40(3): 523-538 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [22] |
Wen, X. X., Shen, X. Z., Zhou, Q. M., 2022. Study on the Characters of the Aftershocks of Beiliu 5.2 Earthquake Using Machine Learning Method and Dense Nodal Seismic Array. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 65(9): 3297-3308 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [23] |
Wessel, P., Smith, W. H. F., Scharroo, R., et al., 2013. Generic Mapping Tools: Improved Version Released. EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 94(45): 409-410. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013eo450001 |
| [24] |
Wiemer, S., 2001. A Software Package to Analyze Seismicity: ZMAP. Seismological Research Letters, 72(3): 373-382. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.3.373 |
| [25] |
Wiemer, S., Wyss, M., 2000. Minimum Magnitude of Completeness in Earthquake Catalogs: Examples from Alaska, the Western United States, and Japan. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90(4): 859-869. https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990114 |
| [26] |
Yang, W., Chen, G. Y., Meng, L. Y., et al., 2021. Determination of the Local Magnitudes of Small Earthquakes Using a Dense Seismic Array in the Changning⁃ Zhaotong Shale Gas Field, Southern Sichuan Basin. Earth and Planetary Physics, 5(3): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26464/epp2021026 |
| [27] |
Yang, Y., Yu, Y. Y., Xu, T., 2022.Study on the Location of Small Earthquakes in the Huai’an Area.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, 43(S1): 400-402 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [28] |
Zhang, M., Ellsworth, W. L., Beroza, G. C., 2019.Rapid Earthquake Association and Location.Seismological Research Letters, 90(6): 2276-2284. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190052 |
| [29] |
Zhang, M., Liu, M., Feng, T., et al., 2022. LOC⁃FLOW: An End⁃to⁃End Machine Learning⁃Based High⁃Precision Earthquake Location Workflow. Seismological Research Letters, 93(5): 2426-2438. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220019 |
| [30] |
Zhao, J. R., Liu, B. J., Duan, Y. H., et al., 2017. High Resolution Velocity Structure of the North China Craton Basement by Explosion Seismic Sounding—Results from Dafeng⁃Baotou Refraction Profile. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 60(7): 2628-2640 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [31] |
Zhao, Y. N., Zhang, M., Duan, Y. H., et al., 2023. Seismogenic Structures and Earthquake Mechanisms in the Changning Area, China: Insights from Seismicity and Tomography. Tectonophysics, 869: 230086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2023.230086 |
| [32] |
Zheng, K. F., Peng, X. L., 2012. The Geological Characteristics and Potential Geological Disaster of the Rock Salt Mining Area in Zhaoji. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, 5(3): 14-18 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [33] |
Zheng, Y., Ma, H. S., Lü, J., et al., 2009. The Focal Mechanism Solution of Strong Aftershocks (Ms≥5.6) of the Wenchuan Earthquake and Its Relationship with the Seismogenic Structure. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 39(4): 413-426 (in Chinese). |
| [34] |
Zhou, P. C., Ellsworth, W. L., Yang, H. F., et al., 2021. Machine⁃Learning⁃Facilitated Earthquake and Anthropogenic Source Detections near the Weiyuan Shale Gas Blocks, Sichuan, China. Earth and Planetary Physics, 5(6): 501-519. https://doi.org/10.26464/epp2021053 |
| [35] |
Zhou, S. R., Wu, J. F., Zhu, P., 2023. The Hazards of the Deep Water Outflow of Zhaoji Mining Area in Hongze Salt Basin and Its Prevention Strategy.Journal of Salt Science and Chemical Industry, 52(7): 22-25 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [36] |
Zhu, H., He, C., 2014. Focal Mechanism Changing Character of Earthquake Sequence Induced by Water Injection: A Case Study of Changning Sequence, Sichuan Province. Earth Science, 39(12): 1776-1782 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [37] |
Zhu, W. Q., Beroza, G. C., 2019. PhaseNet: A Deep⁃Neural⁃Network⁃Based Seismic Arrival Time Picking Method. Geophysical Journal International, 216(1): 261-273. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy423 |
| [38] |
Zhu, W. Q., Hou, A. B., Yang, R., et al., 2022. QuakeFlow: A Scalable Machine⁃Learning⁃Based Earthquake Monitoring Workflow with Cloud Computing. Geophysical Journal International, 232(1): 684-693. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac355 |
国家自然科学基金项目(42074070)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |