新近系黄土-红层滑坡典型控滑斜坡结构及其致灾机理:综述与展望
李坤 , 孙萍 , 王浩杰 , 张帅 , 李冉 , 桑康云
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (02) : 578 -601.
新近系黄土-红层滑坡典型控滑斜坡结构及其致灾机理:综述与展望
Typical SlopeStructures and Their Sliding Control Mechanisms of Neogene Loess⁃Red Bed Landslides: A Review and Prospects
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新近系黄土-红层滑坡是黄土高原地区最具代表性且备受关注的灾害类型,其灾变机理已成为工程地质领域亟待突破的前沿科学命题.以新近系黄土-红层滑坡控滑结构为切入点,从地层结构和控滑地质界面两个层面系统梳理了斜坡地质结构类型及其赋存特征,阐述了结构面在滑坡形成过程中的边界约束、水力传导与力学弱化三重控滑效应,归纳了基于结构控滑特征的滑坡类型与灾变模式,分析了基于控滑结构作用效应的滑坡形成演化机制,并根据当前研究现状,凝练出4个亟待解决的核心问题:①如何定量表征地质营力与结构面演化过程的时空耦合效应?②控滑结构如何通过跨尺度能量传递与损伤累积诱发斜坡失稳?③控滑结构关键物理力学指标在何种临界状态下触发滑坡灾变?④如何构建融合控滑结构与滑坡运动关联机制的滑坡多场耦合数值模型?针对上述科学问题,建议未来应重点开展以下研究方向:多场耦合作用下控滑结构动态演化过程及机理、基于水-岩相互作用的红层结构面力学劣化机制、黄土-红层滑坡结构控滑临界状态与判据、基于结构控滑效应的黄土-红层滑坡运动演化模型.
Neogene loess⁃red bed landslides are the most typical and concerning disaster in the Loess Plateau. Their failure mechanisms have become a frontier scientific challenge in the field of engineering geology that requires urgent breakthroughs. This study adopts landslide⁃controlling slope structures as the analytical framework to systematically examine geological structure types and occurrence characteristics of loess⁃red bed slopes from two perspectives: stratigraphic structures and geological interfaces. It elaborates on the triple control effects of structural planes in landslide formation⁃boundary confinement, hydraulic channelization, and mechanical weakening and summarizes landslide types and corresponding failure modes based on structure control effects.The evolutionary mechanisms of landslides under the influence of slope⁃control structures are comprehensively analyzed. Based on the current state of research, four critical issues are identified:①How to quantifythe spatiotemporal coupling effects between geodynamic forces and the evolution of structural planes?②How slope structures induce slope instability via cross⁃scale energy transfer and damage accumulation?③At what critical state of key physical⁃mechanical parameters do controlling structures trigger slope failures?④How to develop multi⁃field coupled numerical models integrating structural control mechanisms with landslide kinematic linkages? To address these challenges, this study proposes prioritized research directions, which include dynamic evolution processes and governing mechanisms of sliding⁃control structures under multi⁃field coupling effects, mechanical deterioration mechanisms of red bed structure planes driven by water⁃rock interactions, critical state thresholds and diagnostic criteria for structure control in loess⁃red beds landslides, kinematic evolution modeling of loess⁃red bed landslides incorporating structure control effects.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3007002)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42130720)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42293352)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42293350)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42307267)
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