基于混合注意力机制的矿田尺度三维岩性建模:以焦家金矿田为例
李风 , 王功文 , 卢紫阳 , 付超 , 刘烊 , 东玉龙 , 龚天一 , 张智强
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (03) : 955 -969.
基于混合注意力机制的矿田尺度三维岩性建模:以焦家金矿田为例
Three⁃Dimensional (3D) Lithological Modeling via Hybrid Attentional Mechanism Deep Learning Model: A Case Study of Jiaojia Gold Field
,
矿田尺度深部地质结构“透明化”是矿产勘查与成矿预测的核心,三维岩性建模是实现这一目标的关键技术.然而,当前矿田尺度三维岩性建模主要依赖效率较低的显式建模方法,难以满足多阶段矿产勘查和矿山实时生产的需求,因此亟须研发高精度、高效率的三维岩性隐式建模方法.针对上述问题,本研究以三维卷积神经网络(3D Convolutional Neural Network, 3D CNN)为基础,融合卷积注意力机制(Convolutional Block Attention Module, CBAM)与自注意力机制(Self⁃Attention Module, SAM)构建混合注意力机制深度学习算法(Hybrid Attentional Mechanism deep learning model, HAM),并基于该算法挖掘多源地质‒地球物理数据中的深层次特征,确定建模所需地质体边界,实现既能捕捉局部上下文、又能表征全局上下文的三维岩性隐式建模方法.为验证HAM算法有效性,本研究选择胶东半岛焦家金矿田作为研究区,开展对比实验与消融实验.结果表明,相较于随机森林(Random Forest, RF)和3D CNN等基线算法,本次研究提出的HAM算法在三维岩性建模的准确率、宏平均精确率、召回率、宏平均F1分数和混淆矩阵上表现出显著优势,对推动深部找矿和矿山生产具有重要意义.
Enhancing the transparency of deep geological structures at the ore-field scale is critical for subsurface mineral exploration and prospectivity modeling, and three-dimensional (3D) lithological modeling serves as a critical technology for this objective. However, existing ore-field-scale modeling workflows rely on explicit modeling approaches with relatively low efficiency, which can hardly meet the demands of multi-stage mineral exploration and real-time mining. Consequently, high-precision and high-efficiency implicit 3D lithological modeling methods are urgently needed. To address this issue, a Hybrid Attentional Mechanism deep learning model (HAM) is constructed on the basis of the 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D CNN), integrating the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and the Self-Attention Module (SAM). Based on this algorithm, deep representations within multi-source geological and geophysical data are mined to determine the boundaries of geological bodies required for modeling, thereby achieving a 3D lithological implicit modeling method capable of capturing both local details and long-range dependencies. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid attentional mechanism model, the Jiaojia gold field in the Jiaodong Peninsula was selected as the study area, and comparative and ablation experiments were conducted. Relative to baseline models‒Random Forest (RF) and a vanilla 3D-CNN, HAM markedly improves the macro-averaged accuracy, precision, recall, macro-averaged F1 score and confusion matrix of ore-field-scale implicit 3D lithological modeling, with direct implications for subsurface mineral exploration and mining operations.
| [1] |
Buda, M., Maki, A., Mazurowski, M. A., 2018. A Systematic Study of the Class Imbalance Problem in Convolutional Neural Networks. Neural Networks, 106: 249-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2018.07.011 |
| [2] |
Cai, Z. H., He, B. Z., Liu, R. H., 2020. Emplacement of Granitic Pluton and Cenozoic Deformation in the Wenquan Region, Tashkorgan, Xinjiang: The Implications for the Miocene Tectonic Evolution of the Northeast Pamir. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 36(10): 3137-3151 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [3] |
Chen, J. N., Sun, S., He, J., et al., 2022. Transmix: Attend to Mix for Vision Transformers. The IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. New Orleans. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.09833 |
| [4] |
Chen, J. P., Zhou, G. Y., Chu, Z. Y., et al., 2024. Geological Big Data Three⁃Dimensional Modelling and Mineralization Prediction of Diamond Deposit in Mengyin, Shandong, China. Mineral Deposits, 43(4): 802-820 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [5] |
Chen, J., Mao, X. C., Deng, H., 2020. 3D Quantitative Mineral Prediction in the Depth of the Dayingezhuang Gold Deposit, Shandong Province. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 41(2): 179-191 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [6] |
Chen, Q. Y., Xun, L., Cui, Z. S., et al., 2025. Recent Progress and Development Trends of Three⁃ Dimensional Geological Modeling. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 44(3): 373-387 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [7] |
Cheng, Q. M., 2025. A New Paradigm for Mineral Resource Prediction Based on Human Intelligence⁃Artificial Intelligence Integration. Earth Science Frontiers, 32(4): 1-19 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [8] |
Deng, H., Wei, Y. F., Chen, J., et al., 2021. Three⁃ Dimensional Prospectivity Mapping and Quantitative Analysis of Structural Ore⁃Controlling Factors in Jiaojia Au Ore⁃Belt with Attention Convolutional Neural Networks. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 52(9): 3003-3014 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [9] |
Deng, H., Zheng, Y., Chen, J., et al., 2020. Deep Learning⁃Based 3D Prediction Model for the Dayingezhuang Gold Deposit, Shandong Province. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 41(2): 157-165 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [10] |
Deng, J., Yang, L. Q., Groves, D. I., et al., 2020. An Integrated Mineral System Model for the Gold Deposits of the Giant Jiaodong Province, Eastern China. Earth⁃ Science Reviews, 208: 103274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103274 |
| [11] |
Guo, J. T., Liu, Y. H., Han, Y. F., et al., 2019. Implicit 3D Geological Modeling Method for Borehole Data Based on Machine Learning. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 40(9): 1337-1342 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [12] |
Guo, J. T., Wang, X. L., Wang, J. M., et al., 2021. Three⁃Dimensional Geological Modeling and Spatial Analysis from Geotechnical Borehole Data Using an Implicit Surface and Marching Tetrahedra Algorithm. Engineering Geology, 284: 106047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106047 |
| [13] |
Guo, J. T., Wang, Z. X., Li, C. L., et al., 2022. Multiple⁃Point Geostatistics⁃Based Three⁃Dimensional Automatic Geological Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis for Borehole Data. Natural Resources Research, 31(5): 2347-2367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053⁃022⁃10071⁃6 |
| [14] |
Guo, J. T., Wu, L. X., Zhou, W. H., et al., 2016. Towards Automatic and Topologically Consistent 3D Regional Geological Modeling from Boundaries and Attitudes. ISPRS International Journal of Geo⁃Information, 5(2): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5020017 |
| [15] |
Hu, J., Shen, L., Sun, G., 2018. Squeeze⁃ and ⁃Excitation Networks. The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Salt Lake City. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1709.01507 |
| [16] |
Huang, J. X., Deng, H., Chen, J., et al., 2023a. Assessing Geometrical Uncertainties in Geological Interface Models Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Sampling via Abstract Graph. Tectonophysics, 864: 230032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2023.230032 |
| [17] |
Huang, J. X., 2022. MCMC Simulation and Variational Reconstruction for 3D Geological Interface of Metallogenic Structure (Dissertation). Central South University, Changsha (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [18] |
Huang, S. Y., Wang, T. Y., Xiong, H. Y., et al., 2021. Semi⁃Supervised Active Learning with Temporal Output Discrepancy. The IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, Montreal. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.14153 |
| [19] |
Huang, Z. L., Wang, X. G., Wei, Y. C., et al., 2023b. CCNet: Criss⁃Cross Attention for Semantic Segmentation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 45(6): 6896-6908. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3007032 |
| [20] |
Ioffe, S., Szegedy, C., 2015. Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by reducing Internal Covariate Shift. International Conference on Machine Learning. Lille. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1807.06521 |
| [21] |
Jia, R., Lü, Y. K., Wang, G. W., et al., 2021. A Stacking Methodology of Machine Learning for 3D Geological Modeling with Geological⁃Geophysical Datasets, Laochang Sn Camp, Gejiu (China). Computers & Geosciences, 151: 104754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104754 |
| [22] |
Li, J. J., Dang, Z. C., Fu, C., et al., 2023. Genesis of the Yangjiakuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Constraints from S⁃He⁃Ar⁃Pb Isotopes, and Sm⁃Nd and U⁃Pb Geochronology. Frontiers in Earth Science, 11: 1048509. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1048509 |
| [23] |
Li, S. Y., Li, J., Song, M. C., et al., 2022. Metallogenic Characteristics and Mineralization of the Linglong Gold Field, Jiaodong Peninsula. Acta Geologica Sinica, 96(9): 3234-3260 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [24] |
Lin, T. Y., Goyal, P., Girshick, R., et al., 2017. Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection. The IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. Venice. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1708.02002 |
| [25] |
Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y. X., et al., 2024. A Survey of Visual Transformers. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 35(6): 7478-7498. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3227717 |
| [26] |
Liu, Z. B., Zhang, J. Q., Du, X. F., et al., 2024. Implicit 3D Integrated Modeling of Complex Geological Structures in Mining Areas. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 45(9): 1317-1325 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [27] |
Lou, Y. M., Kang, X., Lai, Y. P., et al., 2025. Application of Implicit Modeling and Machine Learning Algorithm to 3D Metallogenic Prediction of the Julong Porphyry Copper⁃Molybdenum Deposit, Xizang. Earth Science Frontiers, 32(5): 440-455 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [28] |
Lü, P. F., Chen, W. Y., Zou, X. Y., 2025. Precision Recognition of Rock Thin Section Images with Multi⁃Head Self⁃Attention Convolutional Neural Networks. Journal of Geophysical Research: Machine Learning and Computation, 2(2): e2025JH000617. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JH000617 |
| [29] |
Mao, X. C., Duan, M., Deng, H., et al., 2026. Intelligent 3D Prediction of Deep Mineral Resources: Theory, Methods, and Challenges. Earth Science, 51(3): 793-815 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [30] |
Min, Q. F., Lu, Y. G., Liu, Z. Y., et al., 2019. Machine Learning Based Digital Twin Framework for Production Optimization in Petrochemical Industry. International Journal of Information Management, 49: 502-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.020 |
| [31] |
Mumuni, A., Mumuni, F., 2022. Data Augmentation: A Comprehensive Survey of Modern Approaches. Array, 16: 100258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2022.100258 |
| [32] |
Ridnik, T., Lawen, H., Noy., A., et al., 2021. Tresnet: High Performance GPU⁃Dedicated Architecture. The IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision. Hawaii. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2003.13630 |
| [33] |
Shi, L. Y., Zuo, R. G., 2026. Foundation Model for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping. Earth Science, 51(3): 832-848 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [34] |
Song, Z. Y., Xiang, Y. H., Liu, Z. K., et al., 2024. Lithogeochemistry of Altered Rocks and Mineralization in Xindongzhuang Gold Deposit, Northwest Jiaodong Peninsula. Gold, 45(8): 89-93, 98 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [35] |
Wang, H., Yan, J. Y., Qi, G., et al., 2023. Metallogenic Prediction Method Based on Gravity and Magnetic Three⁃ Dimensional Modeling and Machine Learning: A Case Study of Zhuxi. Progress in Geophysics, 38(2): 734-747 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [36] |
Wang, T. R., Ji, X. B., Wang, J. B., et al., 2025. Implicit 3D Geological Modeling Based on Machine Learning: A Case Study of Lazigou Gold Deposit in Muping⁃Rushan Metallogenic Belt. Earth Science, 50(8): 3167-3181 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [37] |
Wang, X., Girshick, R., Gupta, A., et al., 2018. Non⁃local Neural Networks. The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Salt Lake City. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1711.07971 |
| [38] |
Woo, S., Park, J., Lee, J. Y., et al., 2018. CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module. arXiv: 1807.06521. https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.06521 |
| [39] |
Xiao, F., Chen, X. Y., 2025. Numerical Modeling and Exploration Data Coupled⁃Driven Mineral Prospectivity Mapping: A Case Study of Fankou Pb⁃Zn Deposit. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 49(2): 298-316 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [40] |
Xu, L. P., Zhu, W. P., Zhu, H. W., et al., 2022. Physical Property Characteristics of Rocks in Hanzhong and Ankang Areas at the Southern Foot of Qinling Mountains and Their Application. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 46(5): 1167-1179 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [41] |
Yang, J. H., Xu, L., Sun, J. F., et al., 2021. Geodynamics of Decratonization and Related Magmatism and Mineralization in the North China Craton. Scientia Sinica (Terrae), 51(9): 1401-1419 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [42] |
Yao, X. F., Cheng, Z. Z., Du, Z. Z., et al., 2020. U⁃Pb Age of Post⁃Ore Dykes in the Xiejiagou Gold Deposit and Its Constraints on Ore⁃Forming Age, Northwest Jiaodong, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 39(8): 1153-1162 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [43] |
Ye, S. W., Hou, W. S., Yang, J., et al., 2025. Advance of 3D Smart Geological Modeling. Earth Science Frontiers, 32(4): 182-198 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [44] |
Yu, S. W., Ma, J. W., 2021. Deep Learning for Geophysics: Current and Future Trends. Reviews of Geophysics, 59(3): e2021RG000742. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021rg000742 |
| [45] |
Yu, X. W., Wang, L. M., Ren, T. L., et al., 2023. Geochemistry, Zircon U⁃Pb Age and Lu⁃Hf Isotope of the Concealed Guojialing Granite Revealed by Boreholes in the Northwestern Jiaodong Region. Acta Geologica Sinica, 97(2): 417-432 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [46] |
Yuan, F., Li, X. H., Tian, W. D., et al., 2024. Key Issues in Three⁃Dimensional Predictive Modeling of Mineral Prospectivity. Earth Science Frontiers, 31(4): 119-128 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [47] |
Zhang, B. Y., Xu, Z. H., Wei, X. Z., et al., 2024. Deep Subsurface Pseudo⁃Lithostratigraphic Modeling Based on Three⁃Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D CNN) Using Inversed Geophysical Properties and Shallow Subsurface Geological Model. Lithosphere, 2024(1): lithosphere_2023_273. https://doi.org/10.2113/2024/lithosphere_2023_273 |
| [48] |
Zhang, M. M., Chen, C., Huang, Y. Q., et al., 2026. Three⁃Dimensional Mineral Prospectivity Modeling of Skarn⁃Type Copper Deposits in the Anqing Area Based on Causal Inference and Graph Attention Networks. Earth Science, 51(3): 909-920 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [49] |
Zhang, Q. B., Song, M. C., Ding, Z. J., et al., 2022. Exhumation History and Preservation of the Jiaojia Giant Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula. Science China Earth Sciences, 65(6): 1161-1177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430⁃021⁃9887⁃1 |
| [50] |
Zhang, Z. Q., 2022. Research of Machine Learning for District⁃Scale Three⁃Dimensional Implicit Geological Modeling and Mineral Potential Mapping (Dissertation). China University of Geosciences, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [51] |
Zhang, Z. Q., Li, Y. J., Wang, G. W., et al., 2023a. Supervised Mineral Prospectivity Mapping via Class⁃ Balanced Focal Loss Function on Imbalanced Geoscience Datasets. Mathematical Geosciences, 55(7): 989-1010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004⁃023⁃10065⁃x |
| [52] |
Zhang, Z. Q., Wang, G. W., Carranza, E. J. M., et al., 2023b. An Integrated Machine Learning Framework with Uncertainty Quantification for Three⁃Dimensional Lithological Modeling from Multi⁃Source Geophysical Data and Drilling Data. Engineering Geology, 324: 107255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107255 |
| [53] |
Zhang, Z. Q., Wang, G. W., Carranza, E. J. M., et al., 2025. Three⁃Dimensional Mineral Prospectivity Mapping Using a Residual Convolutional Neural Network with Lightweight Attention Mechanisms. Ore Geology Reviews, 185: 106797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106797 |
| [54] |
Zhao, J. T., Yu, C. X., Peng, S. P., et al., 2016. Seismic Sparse Inversion Method Implemented on Image Data for Detecting Discontinuous and Inhomogeneous Geological Features. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 59(9): 3408-3416 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [55] |
Zhao, L., Zhang, H. L., Sun, X. D., et al., 2024. Application of ResUNet⁃CBAM in Thin⁃Section Image Segmentation of Rocks. Information, 15(12): 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15120788 |
| [56] |
Zhong, Z., Zheng, L., Kang, G. L., et al., 2020. Random Erasing Data Augmentation. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 34(7): 13001-13008. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.7000 |
| [57] |
Zhou, M. L., Sun, L. L., Lyu, J. Y., et al., 2024. Exploration and Scientific Research of the Jiaojia⁃Type Gold Deposit. Journal of Geomechanics, 30(5): 747-767 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [58] |
Zhu, P. G., Zhang, W. J., Chi, N. J., et al., 2022. Geochemical Characteristics and Zircon U⁃Pb Age of Concealed Granitoids in the Footwall of Jiaojia Fault Zone in Jincheng Area, Shandong Province. Science Technology and Engineering, 22(15): 5976-5987 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [59] |
Zhu, R. X., Fan, H. R., Li, J. W., et al., 2015. Decratonic Gold Deposits. Scientia Sinica (Terrae), 45(8): 1153-1168 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [60] |
Zhu, Y. J., Wang, D. D., Liu, J., et al., 2025. 3⁃D Gravity and Magnetic Inversion with a Modified Generalized Depth Weighting. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 63: 5916313. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3586257 |
| [61] |
Zitouni, M. S., Alkhatib, M. Q., Aburaed, N., et al., 2025. A Comparative Analysis of Attention Mechanisms in 3D CNN⁃Based Hyperspectral Image Super⁃Resolution. 2024 14th Workshop on Hyperspectral Imaging and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). Helsinki. https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS65427.2024.10876507 |
| [62] |
Zou, Y. H., Zhang, W. Q., Mao, X. C., et al., 2023. Numerical Simulation of Hydrothermal Alteration Chemical Reactions during Ore⁃Forming Process of the Jiaojia Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 47(5): 1158-1172 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [63] |
Zuo, R. G., 2021. Data Science⁃Based Theory and Method of Quantitative Prediction of Mineral Resources. Earth Science Frontiers, 28(3): 49-55 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1001900)
国家自然科学基金项目(42402301)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |