基于Vision Transformer的深部隐伏矿体三维成矿预测方法
吴以婕 , 李晓晖 , 袁峰 , 郑超杰 , 徐艳 , 张明明
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (03) : 896 -908.
基于Vision Transformer的深部隐伏矿体三维成矿预测方法
Vision Transformer Based 3D Mineral Prospectivity Modeling for Deep Concealed Ore Bodies
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三维成矿预测是深部隐伏矿产资源勘查重要的方法技术之一.近年来,以卷积神经网络为代表的深度学习方法在三维成矿预测信息融合方面取得一定研究进展,但受限于卷积神经网络的局部感受野,可能难以提取三维预测要素与矿化事实之间的长程依赖与全局关联,制约了深部隐伏矿体的预测精度.针对上述问题,本研究基于Vision Transformer(ViT)架构,构建了适用于三维地质体数据的3D-ViT模型.模型通过3D体素块嵌入模块和分离式三维位置编码,显式保留地质体的结构信息,借助多头自注意力机制构建全局感知场,以期建立岩体、地层、构造等多预测要素与矿化事实之间的跨尺度空间关联.在安徽省狮子山矿田的实例研究中,该模型成功预测了主要已知矿体,AUC值达到0.96,其准确率、召回率与F1分数均优于3D-CNN (Convolutional Neural Network)及传统机器学习模型,展现出良好的预测能力和预测精度.基于预测结果,研究最终在狮子山矿田深部圈定了4处找矿靶区,验证了该方法在复杂地质结构下捕捉隐蔽矿化信息的有效性与可靠性.本研究不仅拓展了ViT在地学三维数据中的应用范畴,也为深部矿产资源智能预测提供了具有全局感知能力的新方法,具备重要的勘查应用前景.
Three-dimensional mineral prospectivity modeling serves as a crucial technical approach in the exploration of deep concealed mineral resources. In recent years, deep learning methods represented by convolutional neural networks have achieved some progress in integrating 3D predictive information; however, constrained by the local receptive fields of CNNs, it remains difficult to extract long-range dependencies and global correlations between 3D predictive factors and mineralization occurrences, which limits the prediction accuracy for deep concealed ore bodies. To address these issues, this study develops a 3D-ViT model based on the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture, tailored for 3D geological data. The model employs a 3D voxel-patch embedding module and decoupled 3D positional encoding to explicitly preserve the structural information of geological bodies. By leveraging a multi-head self-attention mechanism, a global perceptual field is constructed to model cross-scale spatial relationships between multiple predictive factors⁃such as intrusions, strata, and structures⁃ and mineralization evidence. In a case study of the Shizishan ore field in Anhui Province, the model successfully predicted the main known ore bodies, achieving an AUC of 0.96. It demonstrated strong predictive capability and precision with accuracy, recall, and F1-score above those of 3D-CNN and traditional machine learning models. Based on the prediction results, four prospective target areas were delineated in the deep part of the Shizishan ore field, verifying the method’s effectiveness and reliability in detecting concealed mineralization under complex geological settings. This study not only extends the application of ViT to three-dimensional geoscientific data but also provides a novel method with global perception for intelligent prediction of deep mineral resources, holding significant potential for practical exploration applications.
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国家深地重大科技专项(2025ZD1007402)
国家自然科学基金项目(42230802)
国家自然科学基金项目(42472359)
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