Preferential flow characteristics of typical farmland soils in Hainan Province under different rainfall conditions and their effects on solute transport
Objective Preferential flow development and its effects on solute transport under different rainfall conditions in typical farmland in Hainan were examined to provide a theoretical basis for agricultural water pollution control and risk prevention in tropical areas. Methods Using typical latosol in Hainan Province as the research subject, field dye tracing, Br- simulated solute transport, and image analysis techniques were used to investigate the development of preferential flow and ion distribution in soil vertical profiles under different rainfall conditions. Correlations between preferential flow indices, composition ratios of interflow types, and ion concentrations in preferential flow zones and soil matrix zones were analyzed. Results ① Under heavy rain (30 mm) and rainstorm (60 mm) conditions, the total stained areas were 506.85 cm² and 857.86 cm², respectively. The maximum staining depths were 16.80 cm and 31.08 cm, respectively. The evaluation indices for preferential flow were 0.25 and 0.55, respectively, indicating that the degree of preferential flow development was higher when rainfall increased from 30 mm to 60 mm. ② With 30 mm rainfall, the ion concentrations in the preferential flow paths of the 5—10 cm and 10—15 cm soil layers increased significantly by 22.14%—63.91% compared to the soil matrix paths. Under 60 mm rainfall, the ion concentrations in the preferential flow paths of the 10—15 cm and 15—20 cm soil layers increased significantly by 54.98%—63.54% compared to those in the soil matrix paths. This demonstrated that preferential flow significantly promotes solute transport. Macropore flow showed a significant positive correlation with the coefficient of variation of solute concentration. The higher the proportion of macropore flow, the greater the difference in solute concentration across the soil layers. Conclusion Preferential flow was evident in the typical farmland soils in Hainan Province. The comprehensive evaluation index of the preferential flow increased with rainfall. The difference in solute concentration across the soil layers was greater with a higher proportion of macropore flow. The preferential flow paths significantly promote solute transport.
文献参数: 李道宽, 吴小龙, 陈淼, 等.不同降雨条件下海南省典型农田土壤优先流特征及其对溶质运移的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):86-97.Citation:Li Daokuan, Wu Xiaolong, Chen Miao, et al. Preferential flow characteristics of typical farmland soils in Hainan Province under different rainfall conditions and their effects on solute transport [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):86-97.
目前关于优先流对溶质运移的研究较少,大多集中在土壤养分、污染物运移等方面。曾辉等[5]研究了大孔隙优先流对于土体中水分和硝态氮运移的影响,结果发现大孔隙存在会显著增加硝态氮淋洗量;刘蕾等[6]研究了不同土地利用类型优先流对磷素迁移淋溶的风险,结果表明设施土壤优先流路径中土壤速效磷的增加速率是基质流路径的2倍;张英虎等[7]研究了优先流区和基质流区土壤重金属浓度分布特征,结果表明90%以上重金属赋存于土壤表层且分布受优先流影响显著,优先流区重金属浓度大于基质流区; Li Mingfeng等[8]研究了不同降雨量下优先流和Br-,NO3-的运移特征,结果表明降雨量增大促进了溶质向深层运移。上述研究表明优先流对于养分、污染物等溶质运移有较大影响,但并未深入分析土壤剖面壤中流组成类别与溶质运移的相关关系。
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