Objective The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the Guanzhong region were studied, in order to provide a scientific reference for formulating accurate and effective prevention and control policies for soil erosion. Methods Based on the Chinese soil loss equation (CSLE), the soil erosion modulus was calculated. Using ArcGIS for regional analysis and overlay methods, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the Guanzhong region were analyzed, along with the effects of land use type, slope, and vegetation coverage on soil erosion. Results ① From 2018 to 2022, the area of soil erosion in Guanzhong region decreased by 568.67 km2 and the soil erosion grade shifted mainly from moderate and above to slight and mild. ② The spatial distribution of soil erosion in the Guanzhong region was higher in the north and south, but lower in the center. Mild soil erosion is the main type of erosion. Over the past five years, the range of slight and mild erosion has shown a tendency to expand from the middle to the north and south sides, but the range of erosion levels of severe and above has gradually narrowed. ③ The sensitivity of soil erosion to slope was stronger in the 8°—25° slope zone, while it was weaker in areas with slopes less than 8°. ④ From 2018 to 2022, the proportion of reduced soil and water loss in high-coverage forest areas was 72.60%, which was the main reason for the decrease in areas of soil and water loss. ⑤ Forestland and croplands were the primary land-use types where soil erosion occurred in the study area. Conclusion Guanzhong region showed a double downward trend of reduced soil erosion area and reduced proportion of high-grade erosion intensity, indicating that the soil erosion situation has improved. The 8°—25° slope zone is a key area for sloped farmland management. High-coverage forests are crucial for reducing soil and water loss.
文献参数: 朱相君, 王传明, 李雄飞, 等.2018—2022年陕西省关中地区土壤侵蚀时空分布[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):224-232. Citation:Zhu Xiangjun, Wang Chuanming, Li Xiongfei, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of soil erosion in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province from 2018 to 2022 [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):224-232.
土壤侵蚀是土壤被水、风等外营力消损的过程,是发生在陆地表面自然与经济因素交互耦合的复杂地理过程[1-2]。土壤侵蚀破坏土壤结构,降低土壤肥力,进而导致土地生产力下降,还会造成水质恶化、河湖淤积等一系列问题,严重影响区域生态安全[3-5]。因此,探索土壤侵蚀的时空变化特征及其主要影响因素,进而实施有效措施,对于保护土壤资源、修复生态环境具有重要科学意义[6-7]。目前,土壤侵蚀模型已被广泛用于区域土壤侵蚀成因、过程机理及其定量评价等研究中[8-10]。其中,刘宝元[11]提出的中国土壤流失方程(Chinese soil loss equation, CSLE)在中国被广泛应用。该模型基于黄土丘陵沟壑区的部分径流小区的监测数据进行修正,充分考虑了中国的地貌特征,在西南喀斯特区[12]、南方红壤区[13]、西北黄土高原区[14]以及东北黑土地区[15]的土壤侵蚀研究方面应用最多。随着研究的深入,不少学者基于CSLE模型探究了土壤侵蚀分布规律,发现土壤侵蚀强度与坡度[16]、人类活动[17]、土地利用及植被覆盖等[18-19]密切相关。如马亚亚等[14]研究了陕北纸坊沟流域的土壤侵蚀,发现15°~25°的坡耕地是土壤侵蚀的敏感部位;陈羽璇等[13]研究了珠江流域的土壤侵蚀,发现土地利用类型是影响土壤侵蚀的主控因子;张龙齐等[20]研究了黄土高原典型地区不同植被覆盖下对坡面土壤侵蚀的影响,表明植被覆盖的增加可以有效减少土壤侵蚀,植被控制土壤侵蚀存在明显的阈值。
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