Objective The value of ecosystem services in China was assessed quantitatively, and integrated with uncertainty to achieve dynamic prediction of regional ecological risks, in order to provide a scientific basis for climate change adaptation policy formulation, territorial spatial planning, ecological environmental protection, economic transformation, and regional risk management. Methods The LUH2 data and PLUS model were coupled to simulate China’s land use patterns under sustainable development (SSP119), current moderate development (SSP245) pathway, and high-speed development (SSP585) scenarios in 2030. Construction land was incorporated, and the modified equivalent factor method was used to estimate the ecosystem service value (ESV). The Sharpe ratio was employed to predict regional ecological risks. Results ① The PLUS model demonstrated high accuracy, with a kappa coefficient of 0.90 and an overall accuracy (OA) of 0.93. Under different scenarios, the area changes in land use types varied significantly, but the spatial distribution was relatively similar. The aggregation effect of land types was evident, gradually changing from southeast to northwest. ② In 2030, ESV under the three scenarios were 2.188 × 10¹³, 2.176 × 10¹³, and 2.170 × 10¹³ yuan, respectively. Influenced by land use patterns, the ESV per unit area followed a spatial distribution of higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest, while individual ecosystem services exhibited an overall consistency with localized variations. ③ Future ecological risks in China are predominantly low to medium, with 84.47%—90.46% of cities classified within this range. Among the three scenarios, sustainable development had the highest proportion of low and relatively low-risk areas, whereas high-speed development had the largest proportion of high and relatively high-risk areas. Conclusion A sustainable development pathway is the optimal choice for balancing economic growth and ecological protection, effectively reducing regional ecological risks. The current moderate development pathway provides moderate ecosystem stability. In contrast, a high-speed development model reliant on fossil fuels threatens ecosystem stability and increases the risk of ecological degradation.
文献参数: 王贺封, 刘书雅, 张安兵, 等.SSP-RCP情景下中国生态系统服务价值评估及生态风险预测[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):129-142. Citation:Wang Hefeng, Liu Shuya, Zhang Anbing, et al. Evaluation of ecosystem service value and prediction of ecological risk in China under SSP-RCP scenarios [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):129-142.
经济社会快速发展与气候变化的加剧,导致土地利用结构、空间格局发生转变,直接或间接影响区域生态系统服务能力[1]。生态系统服务是连接生态系统和人类社会的桥梁,关乎人类福祉和区域可持续发展[2]。生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value, ESV)作为衡量生态系统服务的重要指标,表征着土地利用与生态环境质量交互作用过程,也是生态保护政策制定的重要参考基础[3]。同时,人类活动与气候变化交互作用对土地利用及生态系统内部等变化的影响具有不确定性[4],扰动着生态系统稳定性,进而带来一定生态风险(ecological risk, ER)。因此,开展区域ESV和ER的研究是科学判定区域生态环境质量及分析区域生态风险演变规律的内在要求。
PLUS模型是一个用于斑块尺度土地利用模拟模型,集成了土地扩张分析策略(land expansion analysis strategy, LEAS)和基于多类型随机种子的元胞自动机模型(CA based on multiple random seeds, CARS)。利用LEAS对两期土地利用数据进行叠加分析,提取发生变化的用地单元,参考现有研究[17],选取13个驱动因子(表1),通过随机森林分类算法获得驱动因素权重及用地类型发展概率,进而确定GDP、人口、气温、降水及DEM是土地利用变化的主要影响因素;考虑到DEM变化相对较小,在未来不同情景模拟中使用不同情景下GDP、人口、气温和降水数据以及当前DEM数据,获取相应用地类型发展概率。在此基础上,采用CARS模型,以土地利用需求量、发展概率为约束,设置邻域权重(表2)、转移矩阵(表3)等参数,对土地利用变化进行动态模拟。其中邻域权重根据各土地利用类型扩张面积比例确定[18],转移矩阵根据每种情景各类用地的转移特点并参考现有研究成果设定[19]。
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