Objective The amount of soil erosion at the spoil ground of the Pinglu Canal linear project at different periods was evaluated, and the erosion tendency was simulated. The relationship between the slope and erosion intensity was explored to provide a scientific reference for soil erosion control in spoil grounds for canal project. Methods Four spoil grounds in the Pinglu Canal of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as examples. High-resolution photographic and topographic data of the spoil grounds during different periods were obtained using UAV low-altitude photography technology. The soil erosion tendency of the spoil grounds was analyzed using GIS technology. Erosion factors were quantified and estimated by combining with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). Results ① The soil erosion modulus of the four spoil grounds across different period points ranged from 1 977.55 to 5 748.96 t/(km² · a), with erosion intensity ranging from gentle to severe erosion. ② The soil erosion modulus increased with slope, especially in areas with slopes of 8° to 25°, where soil erosion accounted for 76.8% to 86.4% of the total erosion. ③ In the intermound valley spoil grounds, the trickle flow was mainly along the higher land areas at the edges of the lowland areas. In the sloped spoil grounds, trickle flows were concentrated in the upslope portions of the stockpile areas toward the bottom of the slopes. Conclusion This study shows that the slope was significant for soil erosion in spoil grounds, and a slope area of 8°—25° was the key area for soil erosion control. Cutting the slope and arranging external drainage facilities are effective control measures for intermound valley spoil grounds. For sloped spoil grounds, the construction of slope-bottom drainage and sand sedimentation ponds should be strengthened. In addition, vegetation cover is a key factor in the prevention soil erosion, especially in areas with favorable hydrothermal conditions where it was more effective in reducing the risk of soil erosion.
文献参数: 莫仁斌, 段向锋, 莫桂柏, 等.基于无人机摄影测量的平陆运河弃土场水土流失综合防控研究[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):119-128. Citation:Mo Renbin, Duan Xiangfeng, Mo Guibai, et al. Comprehensive prevention and control of soil and water loss in Pinglu Canal spoil ground based on UAV photography measurement [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):119-128.
土壤侵蚀是指土壤及其母质在水力等外营力作用下,被破坏、分离、搬运和沉积的过程[1]。土壤侵蚀会引起土壤结构降解、养分缺失,所形成的沉积物不仅会导致河床淤塞,造成洪涝灾害,携带着的污染物还会污染河流,对农业发展和人类安全造成严重威胁[2]。土壤侵蚀是多因素共同作用的结果,其中包括降雨,地形因子,土壤特性,土地利用类型等[3-5]。Wischmeier[6]于1965年首次提出的通用水土流失方程(universal soil loss equation, USLE),20世纪90年代,科学家对该方程进行不断修改和调整,最终形成了修订后的通用土壤流失方程(revised universal soil loss equation, RUSLE),该模型综合考虑到降雨、土壤可蚀性、坡度坡长、植被覆盖和水土保持工程措施等因素对土壤流失的影响。廖洪圣等[7]基于RUSLE土壤侵蚀评估模型,评估黄土丘陵区祖厉河流域土壤侵蚀的时空变化,指出流域土壤侵蚀强度以微度和轻度为主,降雨是影响土壤侵蚀的首要因素。Zerihun等[8]结合GIS技术,利用RUSLE模型对埃塞俄比亚Dembecha区土壤侵蚀强度进行评估,指出大部分地区的土壤侵蚀强度为非常轻微(面积为24%)到轻微(49%),这与当地的地形主要为缓坡有关。RUSLE模型适用性较强,数据相对易于获取,精准度较高,同时无人机技术监测效率高,数据获取速度快,可到达监测人员难以前往的危险区域进行勘测,获取高分辨率影像与数字高程数据[9-10]。二者结合GIS技术,能较全面表现出区域土壤侵蚀的变化规律,为土壤侵蚀防治工作提供理论依据。
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