Seasonal characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric dust in a copper-silver mining area in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
1.Training Base of State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecosystem Restoration in Northwest;China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China
2.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China
3.School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China
Objective The pollution properties and risks of heavy metals in atmospheric dust at copper-silver mining areas were delineated to provide a scientific underpinning for ecological modeling and risk control in mining areas. Methods Atmospheric dust fall was collected using dustfall jars during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons at a copper mine tailings accumulation area in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Heavy metals (Cd, As, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Ag) were measured, and multiple assessments, including the single-factor pollution index, geoaccumulation index, potential ecological risk assessment, and human health risk assessment models were employed to analyze the seasonal characteristics and risks of heavy metal pollution in atmospheric dust fall. Results ① The overall atmospheric dust deposition in the study area exhibited the following ranking: spring > autumn > summer > winter, with the cumulative heavy metal content of atmospheric dust deposition exhibiting the following ranking: summer > spring > winter > autumn. As, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, and Ag contents were higher in spring and summer than autumn and winter. However, Cd and Pb contents were higher in autumn and winter than spring and summer. The heavy metal content of atmospheric dust deposited in spring and summer surpassed the background value in Ningxia region. ② The single-factor pollution index and geoaccumulation index indicated that Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, Ag, and Pb in atmospheric dust exhibited varying degrees of pollution across different seasons, with Cu, Pb, and Ag showing relatively higher pollution levels and Cr showing the lowest. The potential ecological risk assessment demonstrated that the seasonal ranking was spring, summer, winter, and autumn. ③ Human health risk assessment revealed that heavy metals in atmospheric dust could cause noncarcinogenic health risks through respiratory and hand-mouth pathways, with a risk level exhibiting the following ranking: spring > summer > winter > autumn. Notably, the noncarcinogenic health risks were markedly greater in children than adults. Conclusion Heavy metal pollution in atmospheric dust in the study area has apparent seasonal properties, exhibiting distinct seasonal characteristics, with higher pollution levels in spring and summer. It is essential to control the release and dispersion of heavy metals during these seasons to mitigate their impact on the ecological environment and health of residents. Additionally, children face significantly higher non-carcinogenic health risks than adults, necessitating special attention to their health protection.
文献参数: 杜倩倩, 孟晨, 宋乃平, 等.宁夏铜银矿区大气降尘重金属污染的季节性特征及其风险评价[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):98-108. Citation:Du Qianqian, Meng Chen, Song Naiping, et al. Seasonal characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric dust in a copper-silver mining area in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):98-108.
将采集的样品风干研磨呈粉末状后过0.149 mm尼龙筛,称取0.45 g风蚀物,置于消解罐中,依次加入1 ml HF, 1 ml HCL,6 ml HNO3摇匀,加盖[1]。开始消解程序,消解结束后,开盖。将消解罐置于赶酸仪内,于120 ℃赶酸至约2~3 ml,取出冷却,转移至50 ml容量瓶中,用蒸馏水定容至45 ml,摇匀,在电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)上测定。并且采用平行样分析,空白试验的质量控制方式。
式中:HQ i 为各重金属非致癌健康风险指数; ADD i 为重金属i的长期日平均暴露剂量〔mg/(kg · d)〕; RfD i 指重金属i不会对儿童和成人造成有害影响的每日最大重金属吸收量〔mg/(kg · d)〕(详见表4;) HI为非致癌总风险指数[21]。根据美国环境保护署的相关规定,HQ值越大,对人体产生的风险程度越高[1];HI的临界值为1,当HI<1时,代表人体健康未遭受任何非致癌风险;当HI>1时,代表人类健康面临非致癌风险[21]。
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