1.College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
2.Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Hanbin District,Ankang,Shaanxi 725000,China
3.College of Soil and;Water Conservation Science and Engineering,National Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation and;Desertification Control,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
4.Institute of Soil and;Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
Objective The effects of different soil amendments on improving soil quality in newly cultivated land in Qinba Mountain area were investigated to provide theoretical foundations and technical support for the rapid enhancement of soil quality and restoration of agricultural productivity. Methods A two-year field experiment was conducted using five treatments: control (CK), ferrous sulfate (T1), biochar (T2), microbial inoculant (T3) and composite amendment (T4). The effects of these treatments on soil quality and maize yield were evaluated in terms of four dimensions: maize yield, soil physical structure, chemical properties and soil enzyme activity. Results Compared with CK, maize yields increased by 17.31%, 30.57% and 25.89% in the T2, T3, and T4 treatments, respectively. The ranking of the soil quality indices for each treatment was as follows: T4 > T2 > T3 > T1 > CK. The soil pH value, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen levels of the T2 and T4 treatments were very close to the corresponding soil indices of high-quality cultivated land in Qinba Mountain area. T1 treatment improved soil bulk density and T3 treatment enhanced soil pH value and bulk density to near-optimal levels. Soil organic matter was the key factor influencing soil physical properties, nutrient content, and enzyme activity, whereas low microbial activity was identified as the primary constraint on yield improvement in the newly created farmland. Conclusion For comprehensive enhancement of soil quality, biochar (T2) and composite amendment (T4) are recommended as key technologies for improving newly created farmlands. However, when considering cost-effectiveness and yield improvement, the microbial inoculant (T3) is a practical and efficient measure for newly created farmlands in the region.
文献参数: 石浩, 李洪义, 张献华, 等.改良剂对秦巴山区新造耕地土壤质量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):50-61. Citation:Shi Hao, Li Hongyi, Zhang Xianhua, et al. Effects of amendments on soil quality in newly created cultivated land in Qinba Mountain area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):50-61.
ZhouYuzhuang, WangRui, YaoZhaosheng, et al. Effects of different soil surface structures on wheat growth, development and yield [J]. Crops, 2022(2):127-133.
FengJunyi, ZhaoMengmeng, TanJing, et al. Effects of a single application of four environmental materials on soil structure and properties in a coal mining area [J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2024,41(1):72-82.
ZhouJiahao, ChuJunjie, SunWanchun, et al. Research progress on the effect of organic carbon on the formation of soil aggregates [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023,52(11):10-20.
[8]
TianLixin, WangYawei, JinDoudou, et al. The application of biochar and organic fertilizer substitution regulates the diversities of habitat specialist bacterial communities within soil aggregates in proso millet farmland [J]. Biochar, 2025,7(1):6.
MaZe, BiLidong, GuoPeng, et al. Effect of exogenous additives on the stability of soil aggregates [J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2024,55(6):1585-1592.
LiuYalong, WangPing, WangJingkuan. Formation and stability mechanism of soil aggregates:Progress and prospect [J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2023,60(3):627-643.
[13]
SixJ, BossuytH, DegryzeS, et al. A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics [J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2004,79(1):7-31.
GouMangmang, QuZhongyi. Research on using biochar to agricultural soil amendment and crop yield [J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2013(5):1-5.
ZhangChenxin, MengXiangzhan, LiuFangni, et al. Effects of biochar on physiological characteristics of winter wheat and soil chemical properties under drought stress [J]. Ecological Science, 2023,42(6):240-246.
JiangXiaomin, YangCaihong, ChengShengyu, et al. Effects of tillage methods and biochar on soil nutrients, enzyme activity and maize yield [J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2024(10):69-79.
LiKaiyu, SongLihong, ZhangYan, et al. Effects of biochar application amount and frequency on yellow soil nutrients and key enzyme activities [J]. Environmental Science, 2025,46(2):1065-1075.
[22]
QiYuqi, LiuHaolang, ZhangBeiping, et al. Investigating the effect of microbial inoculants Frankia F1 on growth-promotion, rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, and bacterial community of ginseng [J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2022,172:104369.
[23]
LiXuqing, LuQiujun, LiDingyi, et al. Effects of different microbial fertilizers on growth and rhizosphere soil properties of corn in newly reclaimed land [J]. Plants, 2022,11(15):1978.
YuHuili, XuGuoyi, LuXuqiang, et al. Effects of microbial agents on soil microenvironment and fruit quality of watermelon under continuous cropping [J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2020,37(7):1025-1035.
LiBowen, LiuYang, LiZonglin, et al. Research progress on the mechanism of biochar’s impact on soil enzyme [J]. Materials Reports, 2022,36(7):163-168.
[28]
FosterE, FogleE, CotrufoM. Sorption to biochar impacts β-glucosidase and phosphatase enzyme activities [J]. Agriculture, 2018,8(10):158.
[29]
HuXuefeng, JiangYing, ShuYing, et al. Effects of mining wastewater discharges on heavy metal pollution and soil enzyme activity of the paddy fields [J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2014,147:139-150.
[30]
LiXuqing, LiDingyi, JiangYugen, et al. The effects of microbial fertilizer based Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus HZ23 on pakchoi growth, soil properties, rhizosphere bacterial community structure, and metabolites in newly reclaimed land [J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023,14:1091380.
CuiYantian, WangChengyu, YaoJunhong, et al. Effects of different screening methods on soil aggregates and soil microbial communities [J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2024(1):37-42.
[37]
AcharyaP, GhimireR, IdowuO J, et al. Cover cropping enhanced soil aggregation and associated carbon and nitrogen storage in semi-arid silage cropping systems [J]. Catena, 2024,245:108264.
MaJing, ZhouYao, LuQi, et al. Soil properties and quality evaluation of desert steppe under different management measures in arid windy and sandy areas [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2024,40(24):106-116.
[40]
许明祥.黄土丘陵区生态恢复过程中土壤质量演变及调控[D].陕西 杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003.
[41]
XuMingxiang. Soil quality evolvement mechanism in the process of ecosystem restoration and its management in loess hilly-gully region [D]. Yangling, Shaanxi: Northwest A & F University, 2003.
JinHuifang, ShiDongmei, ChenZhengfa, et al. Evaluation indicators of cultivated layer soil quality for red soil slope farmland based on cluster and PCA analysis [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018,34(7):155-164.
GaoZhixiang, LiXilai, ZhangJing, et al. Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil enzyme activities in coal mining residuals of alpine mining area [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021,29(8):1748-1756.
[46]
AlghamdiA G, Al-OmranA, AlkhashaA, et al. Impacts of biochar on hydro-physical properties of sandy soil under different irrigation regimes for enhanced tomato growth [J]. Agronomy, 2022,12(8):1762.
WuJiajun, TongWenbin, JiangJianfeng, et al. Application of rice straw biochar increases soil aggregate stability and carbon and nitrogen distribution in paddy soil [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2024,30(3):457-468.
DuSiyao, GuoXiaowen, WangFangxia, et al. Effects of biochar application on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in saline drip irrigation cotton field [J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022,35(3):571-580.
[51]
LuoYujia, LopezJ B G, van VeelenH P J, et al. Effects of different soil organic amendments (OAs) on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) [J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2024,121:103624.
LiuCong, WanCuicui, SongXu, et al. Effects of effective microorganisms on growth promotion and the rhizosphere eukaryotic community structure of pepper in Xinjiang, China [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024,35(6):1599-1607.
YangXiaofang, GuoRui, YaoYanlai, et al. Effects of microbial agents on plant growth, soil fertility and microbial communities under continuous cropping strawberry [J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2023,37(6):1253-1262.
WangYuqi, LiangYing, TangLi, et al. Effects of fulvic acid on yield, quality, and substrate microorganisms of tomato grown in greenhouse under different nitrogen application levels [J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2025,34(1):113-122.