Objective The carbon storage and density patterns at the Heilongshan forest farm ecosystem were quantify analyzed, and effective carbon sequestration enhancement strategies were put forward, to provide critical data for assessing regional forest carbon sink potential. Methods Based on field investigations and laboratory analysis, combined with biomass models of trees and forest resource data and using GIS technology, the distribution characteristics of carbon storage and carbon density of main forest types at Heilongshan forest farm were studied and pathways for increasing carbon sequestration were proposed. Results ① The total carbon storage and average carbon density of the forest ecosystem was 1.87×106 t and 173.57 t/hm2, respectively. The average carbon density was in the following order: soil layer > tree and shrub layer > humus layer > litter layer > understory shrub layer > understory herbaceous layer. The allocation characteristics of carbon storage were consistent with carbon density. Soil carbon storage was the highest, accounting for 66.30% of the total carbon storage. ② The total carbon storage and carbon density of the arbor forests were 5.44×105 t and 56.72 t/hm2, respectively. Betula platyphylla and Ulmus pumila forests were the major sources of carbon storage in the arbor forests, accounting for 84.36% of the arbor forests carbon storage. They are mainly composed of middle-aged and young forests with great potential for carbon sequestration. ③ Altitude, slope, and aspect regulated the spatial distribution of factors, such as water and heat, soil, and human interference, which had a significant impact on the spatial allocation of forest ecosystem carbon storage and carbon density. Conclusion In the future, the forests of Heilongshan forest farm have great carbon sequestration capacity and potential. Strengthening forest nurturing, preventing fires, controlling forest pests and diseases, protecting forest soil and other measures to improve forest quality and reduce carbon emissions are effective ways to increase forest sinks in Heilongshan forest farm.
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