Objective The spatial heterogeneity patterns of land use in the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor region were revealed, and the future land use patterns under different policy orientations were simulated, in order to provide a scientific basis for coordinating regional ecological conservation with economic development and optimizing the territorial spatial layout. Methods Land use intensity indices were calculated from 2002 to 2022. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, the optimal parameters-based geographical detector, and the geographically and temporally weighted regression model were employed to analyze spatial heterogeneity and its driving factors. Subsequently, the patch-generating land use simulation model was used to simulate land use patterns for 2032 under natural development, cropland protection, economic development, and sustainable development scenarios. Results ①From 2002 to 2022, the overall degree of regional land use remained stable at a medium level, with the proportion of relatively weak grade land increasing the most. Spatially, it presented the characteristics of ‘core expansion, ecological constraints, and axial agglomeration.’ ② Changes in land use intensity showed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. High-high agglomeration areas expanded from single-core to multi-core linkages, whereas low-low agglomeration areas remained locked in ecologically sensitive zones. Driving factors demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity: expressway density had a positive effect; slope, mean annual precipitation, and urban disposable income exerted negative effects; and mean annual temperature, population density, railway density, and road freight volume exhibited both of positive and negative effects. ③ Multi-scenario simulations showed that the Sustainable Development scenario yielded optimal outcomes: the increase in construction land slowed to 48.35%, forest area grew by 2.64%, and decline in cropland area moderated to 6.37%. Conclusion Land use changes in the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor region result from the spatial interplay between natural constraints and strategic development imperatives. Future strategies should establish an ‘axial linkage and multi-core synergy’ development model, implement ‘eco-priority’ spatial governance, and strengthen corridor-hinterland coordination to transition from pursuing ‘corridor throughput’ to achieving ‘sustainable development gains.’
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