1.College of Water Resources and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi ;710064,China
2.Key Laboratory of Mine Geological Disaster Mechanism and Prevention,Ministry of;Natural Resources,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China
3.Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and;Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology;and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710064,China
4.School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710064,China
5.First Institute of Geographic Information Cartography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710000,China
Objective The spatial distribution of soil erosion in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains (Xi’an section) was examined to identify the key areas requiring erosion control and management. The aim was to provide a scientific basis and decision support for controlling regional water and soil loss and implementing ecosystem restoration projects. Methods The spatiotemporal evolution of and mechanisms driving soil erosion in the in northern foothills of Qinling Mountains (Xi’an section) from 2010 to 2023 were systematically evaluated using the RUSLE model and geographic information system spatial analysis technology. Results ① The soil erosion in the region was mainly mild or slight; the proportion of the area experiencing mild erosion intensity or below increased over time, whereas that of the areas with moderate or more serious erosion decreased, shifting toward mild and slight soil erosion. ② The grassland and farmland was mainly converted into forest land from 2010 to 2023. The average soil erosion modulus decreased for different land use types: the forest and construction land areas increased, and the farmland and grassland areas decreased. ③ The rainfall erosion force and soil erosion distribution were consistent; the erosion intensity with elevation and slope ranked as follows: strong > moderate > extremely strong > intense > slight > mild. Conclusion Soil erosion on the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains (Xi’an section) has spatially and temporally become less severe. However, the management of the soil in certain areas still needs to be strengthened due to the fragile geological environment, intense human activities and the impact of climate change. Various management measures, such as vegetation restoration, hedgerows, field ridges, and straw mulching, should be implemented for controlling soil erosion.
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