Objective The spatial differentiation and driving factors of ecosystem service value under the topographic gradient characteristics of Taohe River basin were explored in order to provide scientific support for promoting ecological protection and sustainable social and economic development in the basin. Methods Based on six phases of land-use remote sensing data (1993—2023) and integrated an ecosystem service value (ESV) assessment model, terrain distribution index, and geographical detector method to systematically explore the spatial and temporal evolution laws, topographic gradient characteristics, and driving mechanisms of ESV over the past 30 years. Results ① The Taohe River basin features a typical stepped topographic gradient distribution, with 84.99% of its area concentrated in gradients of 2 to 7. The dominant land-use types across gradients 1—9 follow a sequential transition: construction land-water bodies-cropland-grassland-forestland-forestland-forestland-unused land-unused land. ② The total ESV of Taohe River basin during the research period increased by 6.39×10⁷ yuan (a 2.36% rise). Its spatial distribution is characterized by a gradient differentiation involving initial increases and then decreases along the terrain gradient from low to high. High ESV values were predominantly distributed in gradients 5 and 7 (adjacent to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau), whereas low values were clustered in gradient 1 and gradient 9 regions within the southwestern Loess Plateau. ③ ESV gradient differentiation emerged from the synergistic interaction of natural geographic and socioeconomic factors, with elevation (DEM) serving as the dominant explanatory factor (q=0.491). Its interactions with slope and land-use intensity demonstrate two-factor enhancement effects. Conclusion The ESV in the Taohe River basin initially increased and then decreased with rising terrain gradients. From 1993 to 2023, the low-gradient zone exhibited negative ESV growth, whereas the medium-and high-gradient zones featured sustained growth and stabilization. The spatial differentiation of ESV was primarily driven by natural factors. On the basis of these findings, we recommend strictly controlling construction land expansion and enhancing aquatic ecology restoration in low-gradient zones, promoting ecological agriculture and cultivated land protection in medium-gradient zones, and reducing human disturbance while strengthening unused land management in high-gradient zones.
文献参数: 谢保鹏, 王永强, 陈英, 等.洮河流域生态系统服务价值的地形梯度特征及其驱动因素[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):396-408. Citation:Xie Baopeng, Wang Yongqiang, Chen Ying, et al. Topographic gradient characteristics and driving factors of ecosystem service value in Taohe River basin [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):396-408.
自1990年以来,Costanza R等 [3]对生态系统服务价值评价的研究取得突破进展后,生态系统服务价值研究视野得到了进一步拓展。从国外研究来看,前人研究多集中在宏观层面,学者从全球以及大区域尺度出发,例如Sutton P C [4]和MA[5]工作组沿用生态系统服务价值评估模型,分别对全球生态系统服务经济价值以及生态系统与人类福祉的关系[6]进行了研究。从国内研究来看,当前大量研究主要集中在长江流域[7]、黄河流域[8]、青藏高原区域[9]以及经济发达等[10]特定区域的生态系统服务价值总量或平均价值评估,同时针对中国区域的生态系统服务价值研究中,其评估方法主要采用的是谢高地等[11]改进的价值当量法,该方法根据不同生态系统类型的单位面积价值估算整个区域的生态系统服务价值,在大尺度和小区域上均展现出了广泛的应用性。随着遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)技术的出现,数据获取与数据处理的效率都得到了极大的提升,关于生态系统服务价值的研究也相应地迈向精细化,与此相关的研究更多地集中在生态系统服务价值的地形梯度特征[12]以及对人类活动的响应[13]方面,就生态系统服务价值的地形梯度特征相关研究而言,此前研究大多是利用高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度等地形要素对地形梯度进行划分[14-15]。
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