Objective The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of vegetation water use efficiency (WUE) in the Qingshui River basin are explored, and the main factors affecting vegetation WUE were analyzed, so as to provide a scientific basis for vegetation conservation and the sustainable utilization of water resources in the river basin. Methods The Qingshui River basin was selected as the study area. Using multi-source data such as MODIS remote sensing data, meteorological data, and land use information, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of vegetation WUE and its influencing factors in the Qingshui River basin from 2001 to 2022 were estimated and analyzed using the methods of trend analysis, Hurst index, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, and partial derivatives. Results ① The overall spatial pattern of vegetation WUE in the river basin exhibited a “higher in the south and lower in the north” distribution, with an interannual variation trend of 0.005 g/(kg · a). ② The vegetation WUE in the river basin mainly showed an increasing trend, with areas accounting for 76.19% of the total basin area. ③ The vegetation WUE in the river basin was relatively stable, covering 83.94% of the total basin area. The mean Hurst value was 0.48, indicating weak anti-persistence in vegetation WUE across the basin. ④ The correlation between vegetation WUE and leaf area index (LAI) was the highest, with an average coefficient of 0.54. Natural factors contributed less to WUE variation than human activities which were the primary drivers of the WUE increase. Conclusion The vegetation WUE in the river basin shows spatial heterogeneity and is mainly influenced by human activities. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen ecological protection to improve the vegetation WUE in the river basin.
文献参数: 闫相梅, 于新花, 彭永庆.清水河流域植被水分利用效率时空变化及其影响因素[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):372-383. Citation:Yan Xiangmei, Yu Xinhua, Peng Yongqing. Spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of vegetation water use efficiency in Qingshui River basin [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):372-383.
在全球气候变暖与水资源短缺的背景下,生态系统的碳水循环受到显著影响[1]。作为反映碳水耦合及循环的重要生态指标[2],水分利用效率(water use efficiency, WUE)通常指消耗单位质量水所固定的碳(或制造干物质)量[3]。WUE不仅可以评价植物生长环境的适宜程度,还能揭示生态系统功能和过程对气候变化的响应[4]。因此,探讨WUE的时空变化特征及其驱动机制,对深入理解生态系统碳增益和水损失之间的权衡关系以及改进区域水管理具有重要意义[5]。随着遥感技术的广泛应用,基于总初级生产力(GPP)与蒸散发(ET)比值计算区域尺度WUE的方法日益成熟,在模拟碳水循环的过程中具有明显优势[6]。因此,本文利用GPP与ET的比值来计算植被WUE。已有研究[7]表明,WUE受多种因素驱动,主要包括水文气象因素(气温、降水、太阳辐射等)、植被因素(叶面积指数LAI,归一化植被指数NDVI等)和人类活动等。然而,不同的干旱半干旱地区WUE研究中,对这些影响因素的响应结论往往存在差异甚至相互矛盾[8]。如Liu Xiaoyi等[9]研究发现黄河源区WUE与气温和降水均呈显著正相关,而Zhao Anzhou等[10]指出黄土高原WUE与气温呈正相关,与降水呈负相关。这些研究说明区分WUE变化的主要驱动因素的复杂性,因此,探究不同干旱半干旱地区WUE变化的影响因素至关重要。
LiHui, LiuTiejun, WangShaohui, et al. Spatial and temporal variation of water use efficiency and its influencing factors in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2021 [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024,47(6):993-1003.
[4]
KeenanT F, HollingerD Y, BohrerG, et al. Increase in forest water-use efficiency as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise [J]. Nature, 2013,499(7458):324-327.
ZhangFa, ZhuXiaomei, ZhangHong, et al. Spatial-temporal variation of water use efficiency and its response with climate factors in Ili River valley, China [J]. Environmental Ecology, 2024,6(4):57-64.
[7]
LiuYibo, XiaoJingfeng, JuWeimin, et al. Water use efficiency of China’s terrestrial ecosystems and responses to drought [J]. Scientific Reports, 2015,5(1):13799.
[8]
ZhuShihua, ZhangChi, FangXia, et al. Interactive and individual effects of multi-factor controls on water use efficiency in central Asian ecosystems [J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2020,15(8):084025.
[9]
TangXuguang, LiHengpeng, DesaiA R, et al. How is water-use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems distributed and changing on Earth? [J]. Scientific Reports, 2014,4(1):7483.
[10]
LiYue, ShiHao, ZhouLei, et al. Disentangling climate and LAI effects on seasonal variability in water use efficiency across terrestrial ecosystems in China [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences, 2018,123(8):2429-2443.
[11]
LiuXiaoyi, LiuChao, FanBihang, et al. Spatial responses of ecosystem water-use efficiency to hydrothermal and vegetative gradients in alpine grassland ecosystem in drylands [J]. Ecological Indicators, 2022,141:109064.
[12]
ZhaoAnzhou, YuQiuyan, WangDongli, et al. Spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem water use efficiency over the Chinese Loess Plateau base on long-time satellite data [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022,29(2):2298-2310.
[13]
付思佳.宁夏清水河流域水沙关系变化及其关键驱动因素分析[D].北京:北京林业大学,2023.
[14]
FuSijia. Analysis on the change of water-sediment relationship and its key driving factors in Qingshui River basin of Ningxia [D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University, 2023.
MaWenjing, PanZhangrong, LiuZhenlu. Study on hydrological prediction of Qingshui River basin based on PRECIS regional climate model [J]. Pearl River, 2023,44(2):96-104.
FuYanchao, WangYousheng, WeiTianxing, et al. Response relationship between precipitation and runoff in Qingshui River basin on the Loess Plateau [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023,37(1):17-22.
ZhaoYu, YangFan, LiuRuirui, et al. Analysis on the temporal-spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Qingshui River upstream basin [J]. Northwest Water Power, 2022(1):22-27.
HeZhiguo, ZhangHua, BaoLumin, et al. An analysis of ecological water quantity determination and safeguard measures in Ningxia Qingshui River basin[J]. China Water Resources, 2019,(3):25-27.
[23]
YangYuting, GuanHuade, BatelaanO, et al. Contrasting responses of water use efficiency to drought across global terrestrial ecosystems [J]. Scientific Reports, 2016,6(11):23284.
WuNan, ChenNing, ChengPeng, et al. Analysis on characteristics and attribution of NDVI interannual change in different ecological divisions in Anhui Province [J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2023,32(6):1200-1207.
XiaoQiangsong, WangYuzhi. Spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of cultivated land NPP in major grain producing areas (Henan Province) [J]. Environmental Science, 2025,46(6):3632-3644.
[28]
XuGuoce, ZhangJiaxin, LiPeng, et al. Vegetation restoration projects and their influence on runoff and sediment in China [J]. Ecological Indicators, 2018,95:233-241.
RaoYuchen, SunChengzhi. Spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover in Hunan Province with multi-source data [J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2024,49(7):153-163.
[31]
TangYuanyuan, ChenJianping, ZhangFeng, et al. Spatiotemporal analysis of evapotranspiration and effects of water and heat on water use efficiency [J]. Water, 2021,13(21):3019.
LiuJian, ZhangZezhong, FengKai, et al. Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of net primary productivity of vegetation in the Inland River basin of the Inner Mongolia Plateau [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2024,44(22):10055-10067.
XieHuijun, XieYawei, CaoCong, et al. Spatial-temporal variation characteristics and driving forces of vegetation net primary productivity in Chongqing [J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2023,32(12):2581-2597.
JiJianxun, TongXin, DuanLimin, et al. Spatio-temporal dynamic characteristics and driving factors of vegetation NPP in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia[J]. Environmental Science, 2025,46(7):4392-4402.
MaLonglong, YiZhiyuan, WeiCaiyong, et al. Temporal and spatial characteristics of ecosystem water use efficiency and its influencing factors in Yanchi County, Ningxia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024,41(4):650-660.
ZhaoZhuowen, ZhangLianpeng, LiXing, et al. Monitoring vegetation dynamics during the growing season in Ningxia based on MOD13Q1 data [J]. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(6):741-752.
YinChaohua, LuoMin, MengFanhao, et al. The spatiotemporal variation and influencing factors of vegetation carbon and water use efficiency in the Mongolian Plateau [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2022,41(6):1079-1089.
[44]
ZhaoFubo, WuYiping, YaoYingying, et al. Predicting the climate change impacts on water-carbon coupling cycles for a loess hilly-gully watershed [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2020,581:124388.
[45]
HungateB A, ReichsteinM, DijkstraP, et al. Evapotranspiration and soil water content in a scrub-oak woodland under carbon dioxide enrichment [J]. Global Change Biology, 2002,8(3):289-298.
LiangJiafeng, ZhaoYinbing, LuanJunwei, et al. Spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanisms of water use efficiency in bamboo forest areas in southern China from 2000 to 2019 [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2023,43(12):5150-5161.
ChangXiaoge, WangZhihui, XiaoPeiqing, et al. Spatial variation patterns of dynamics of water use efficiency of ecosystem and its drivers on the Chinese Loess Plateau [J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2022,29(5):244-252.
LiuXuan, SuXiaoling, JiangTianliang, et al. Assessment of ecological drought sensitivity based on water use efficiency [J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 2023,51(6):81-90.
[52]
MaRuixue, WangDacheng, CuiXimin, et al. Distribution and driving force of water use efficiency under vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau [J]. Remote Sensing, 2022,14(18):4513.
LiYulu, WuXueqing, YuanYe, et al. Spatial-temporal variation and driving mechanism of vegetation carbon and water use efficiency in Heilongjiang Province, China [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024,35(12):3349-3358.
ZhaoHaoran, CaoShengkui, LeiYizhen, et al. Spatial and temporal characteristics and driving analysis of ecosystem water use efficiency in the Qinghai Lake basin [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024,32(11):3554-3566.