Objective The spatio-temporal characteristics, driving factors and future changing trends of carbon emissions from the planting industry in Shandong Province were analyzed, in order to provide scientific guidance for the province to formulate differentiated carbon reduction measures and achieve sustainable agricultural development. Methods Based on the agricultural data of 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province from 2005 to 2024 in the ‘Shandong Statistical Yearbook’, the carbon emissions and intensity of the planting industry from 2004 to 2023 were measured using the carbon emission factor method. Combined with the Tapio decoupling model, LMDI model and grey prediction GM(1, 1) model, the spatial differences, driving factors and carbon emissions from 2024 to 2033 of the planting industry in Shandong Province were studied at both provincial and municipal levels. Results ① From 2004 to 2023, the carbon emissions of the planting industry in Shandong Province showed an M-shaped change of ‘increase-fluctuation-decrease’, with the total amount dropping from1.07×107 t to 9.26×106 t. Agricultural materials input was the main source of carbon emissions in Shandong Province’s planting industry. Among them, chemical fertilizers account for the highest proportion (46.16%), followed by agricultural films (18.15%) and irrigation (15.85%). Among crop planting, corn was the largest carbon source, accounting for 32.24%. ② The carbon emissions of the planting industry and economic growth in Shandong Province have shifted from ‘weak decoupling’ to ‘strong decoupling’. At the municipal level, high carbon emission areas were concentrated in Heze, Weifang and Linyi cities, while low carbon emission areas were in Zibo and Dongying cities. ③ From the perspective of influencing factors, planting industry production efficiency, agricultural industrial structure, regional industrial structure, and rural population size inhibited carbon emissions, while regional economic level and urbanization level promoted carbon emissions. ④ Over the next decade, carbon emissions from the planting industry in Shandong Province are projected to continue declining, with the total amount dropping from 8.95×106 t to 7.32×106 t. At the municipal level, Rizhao City will have the largest reduction, while Zaozhuang city will have the smallest reduction. Conclusion Over the past 20 years, both the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions from the planting industry in Shandong Province have decreased. There is a positive development between the carbon emissions of the planting industry and economic growth. Planting industry production efficiency, agricultural industrial structure, regional industrial structure, and rural population size have played a certain role in carbon reduction. Regional economic level and urbanization level are the main factors contributing to the increase in carbon emissions from the planting industry in Shandong Province. In the future, the carbon emissions of the planting industry in Shandong Province will continue to decline, but the pressure to reduce emissions in high-emission areas remains considerable. It is necessary to promote green and low-carbon development in agriculture through optimizing planting structure, improving production efficiency, and controlling the input of agricultural materials.
文献参数: 蔡永俊, 任君, 李成英, 等.山东省种植业碳排放时空特征、驱动因素及其未来变化趋势[J].水土保持通报,2026,46(1):306-319. Citation:Cai Yongjun, Ren Jun, Li Chengying, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics, driving factors and future change trends of carbon emissions from planting industry in Shandong Province [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,46(1):306-319.
联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC)评估报告指出,气候变化是全人类共同面临的挑战,人类活动产生的温室气体是导致全球气候变暖的主要原因[1]。中国自古以来就是农业大国,农业碳排放在全球的比例相对较高,且呈逐年增加的趋势。目前,中国粗放型农业生产方式产生了显著的负外部性[2],种植业生产过程中温室气体排放量约占农业温室气体排放总量的34%[3],且农业碳排放量约有31%的下降空间[4],这表明农业碳减排压力和潜力巨大。减少农业碳排放是农业可持续发展的关键环节,更是中国实现“双碳”目标和高质量发展的重要议题[5]。现有研究[6]表明,种植业实现碳中和,对推进中国“双碳”目标至关重要。山东省作为中国重要的农业生产区,农业生产门类齐全,种植业在全国具有一定的代表性;与此同时,山东省种植业碳排放面临着碳排放源复杂,区域分布不均及地区间碳排放差异大等问题。因此,研究种植业碳排放的时空特征、驱动因素及未来趋势对理解和推进山东省绿色低碳农业发展具有重要意义。
目前,学者们对种植业碳排放的研究主要集中于不同研究尺度种植业碳排放量测算,影响因素剖析及碳排放量预测等方面。在种植业碳排放量测算方面,学者们主要依据IPCC碳排放系数法对种植业碳排放量进行测算。如郭美洁等[7]从作物种植和农资投入等方面对山东省种植业碳排放进行测算; Sun Tao等[8]基于2004—2023年山东省16个城市的面板数据,研究发现山东省农田总碳排放量呈“初期波动上升后稳步下降”趋势。在碳排放影响因素方面,郭玮等[9]采用LMDI模型(logarithmic mean divisia index)对青海省种植业和畜牧业碳排放驱动因素进行分解;马海清等[10]采用GWR模型(geographically weighted regression)对甘肃省农业碳排放展开分析; 王宝等[11]采用STIRPAT模型(stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology)分析了贵州省农村金融发展对农业碳排放的影响。在种植业碳排放与经济增长关系方面,学者们从全国、区域、省域及市域等不同研究尺度对种植业碳排放进行了脱钩效应分析,如徐玥等[12]对徐州市的农业碳排放与经济增长脱钩关系实证分析,研究发现徐州市农业碳排放脱钩效应从弱脱钩转变为强脱钩;宁静等[13]对中国粮食主产区碳排放脱钩效应和脱钩转变过程进行了分析。在碳排放预测方面,学者们采用不同的预测模型对碳排放量进行预测,如Javed等[14]采用灰色预测模型对中国生物燃料产生的CO2进行分析;张小蓉等[15]运用R/S模型(rescaled range analysis model)对山西省的农业碳排放展开趋势预测;高亚培等[16]采用STIRPAT模型探究了青海省未来发展过程中的城乡生活用地与间接碳排放之间的关系。在种植业碳排放研究尺度方面,赵玉等[17]在全国尺度对中国种植业碳排放展开了研究;索瑞霞等[18]和Jia Luhao等[19]分别对黄河流域种植业碳排放展开了研究测算以及影响因素分析;曹俊文等[20]对长江流域的种植业碳排放空间特征进行分析;郭美洁等[7]和宋宏恩等[21]则针对省域种植业碳排放及影响因素展开研究。通过梳理国内外种植业碳排放的研究不难发现,学者们对种植业碳排放开展了丰富的研究,但目前关于山东省种植业碳排放的研究仍有些不足: ①已有研究对山东省种植业碳排放的测算主要集中于省域整体,较少有对市域尺度碳排放的研究; ②鲜有学者采用预测模型对山东省种植业碳排放的未来演变趋势进行预测,灰色预测模型具有小样本数据计算便捷、高效,短期预测精度较高等优势[22],适用于山东省短期种植业碳排放预测。
参考索瑞霞等[18]的研究,山东省种植业碳排放主要包括化肥、农药、农膜等农用物资使用过程中产生的碳排放,农业机械作业消耗柴油产生的碳排放,土地翻耕过程中产生的碳排放以及不同作物类型在种植过程中土壤微生物产生的N2O以及水稻种植过程中产生的CH4,由于各个省市水稻排放系数差别较大,本文参考闵继胜等[23]的研究成果,山东省水稻的碳排放系数为210 kg/hm2(以CH4计),为方便处理和分析,将各类温室气体统一换算成标准碳,根据IPCC指南和《省级温室气体清单编制指南》,可知1 t CH4=6.818 2 t C,1 t N2O=81.272 7 t C[15]。
利用碳排放因子法对山东省各类种植业活动的碳排放量进行测算,计算公式为
式中:CE,Ek 分别表示种植业碳排放总量与碳源k的碳排放量(105 t); ek,pk 分别为碳源k的实际数量及其排放系数; m为碳源总量; CI为种植业碳排放强度(t/万元); GA 为山东省种植业生产总值(万元)。
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